Lecture 2 - Chromosomes and Chromatin Flashcards

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1
Q

Chromatin is a complex of _____ and protein.

A

DNA

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2
Q

Genes in highly ordered (condensed) chromatin cannot be transcribed into _____and are relatively insensitive to DNase.

A

RNA

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3
Q

The ________ is the basic subunit of chromatin.

A

Nucleosome

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4
Q

Nucleosomes consist of a core particle, consisting of positively charged histone proteins, and of ______ bp of DNA wrapped twice around the outside of the core particle.

A

150

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5
Q

________ is condensed, inactive chromatin detectable by microscopy.

is decondensed, active chromatin detectable by microscopy.

A

Heterochromatin

Euchromatin

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6
Q

Histone acetyl transferases (HATs) add _______ to lysines, reducing the positive charge of the histone proteins and consequently reducing the interaction of the histone proteins with DNA.

A

Acetyl Groups

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7
Q

Histone deacetyl transferases (HDACs) remove acetyl groups from ______ residues in histone molecules.

Histone methylases add groups to histones.

A

Lysine

Methyl

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8
Q

The histone post-translational modifications can provide for proteins that facilitate chromatin function.

For example, HP1 facilitates chromatin condensation and .

A

Binding sites

Gene silencing​

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9
Q

ATP-dependent remodeling complexes alter nucleosome structure(s) in a way that facilitates gene expression and requires _______.

A

ATP

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10
Q

HATs, HDACs, histone methylases, and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes are brought to specific sequences in the DNA by .

We can call SSDBP a “” when it leads to RNA transcription.

A

SSDBP

transactivator

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11
Q

In the decondensed form, chromatin provides access to DNA binding proteins via the linker DNA,

destabilized nucleosomes, or ________-free regions.

A

Histone

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12
Q

The ______________forms by an ordered assembly of components.

Most of the components assemble by contacting other proteins of the PIC, not by contacting .

RNA pol II elongation proceeds by phosphorylation of the RNA pol II carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) by TFIIH.

A

Pre initiation Complex

DNA

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