Lecture 5

Question 1

what are invasive species?

Answer 1

any species that when introduced to a new location, outcompetes native flora.

Question 2

with less predators, invasive plants can allocate resources where?

Answer 2

into growth and competitive ability.

Question 3

what is a noxious weed?

Answer 3

present in some but not all areas of sk, and must make some effort of control

Question 4

Patch:

Answer 4

is a non-linear surface area differing in appearance from its surroundings, and it is embedded in the matrix.

Question 5

characteristics of patches vary in —– and ——-

Answer 5

time and space

Question 6

what is an example of a plant that alters disturbance regimes?

Answer 6

brom can alter fire regimes! This plant grows in such a way that it creates a very flammable environment.

Question 7

regeneration patch:

Answer 7

vegetation recovering following disturbance

Question 8

define disturbance?

Answer 8

a disturbance is any relatively discrete event in time that disrupts ecosystem, community or population structure and changes resources, substrate availability or the physical environment

Question 9

disturbance patches:

Answer 9

are patches that develop after disturbance of an area. Can be natural or human causes.

Question 10

what is the fluctuating resource hypothesis?

Answer 10

overgrazing, nutrient enrichment and other landscapes disturbances may reduce the competititve ability of native species.

Question 11

what are 2 factors affecting the establishment and spread of an exotic species?

Answer 11

1. community invasibility- how susceptible the community is to invasives. 2. invasive potential.

Question 12

is disturbance uniform?

Answer 12

no

Question 13

what is a nuisance weed?

Answer 13

present across SK and are difficult to control

Question 14

remnant patches:

Answer 14

are caused by widespread disturbance surrounding a small area.

Question 15

Invasion patches:

Answer 15

patches created by invasion of a habitat by non-native species

Question 16

what is a good example of a plant useing novel weapons?

Answer 16

Black grass, produces allelochemicals.

Question 17

what are the post disturbance dnamics of organisms?

Answer 17

1. numbers of some species drop dramatically or they may become locally extinct. 2. numbers of some species may increase dramatically 3. some new species may rapdily migrae into the patch

Question 18

why are disturbances made by management?

Answer 18

to direct ecological succession to create or elimate sites, control colonization to increase or decrease organisms, and control species performance in patches or habitats.

Question 19

what are the 8 attributes of patches?

Answer 19

1. type or kind 2. size 3. shape 4. edge 5. orientation 6. location 7. contrast 8. context

Question 20

what are the 6 things for invasive potential:

Answer 20

1. plant traits 2. the escae of natural predators 3. evolution of increased competitive ability 4. Novel weapons hypothesis 5. altered disturbance regimes 6. altered nutrient cycling

Question 21

what is the diffrence beween single disturbance and chronically disturbed?

Answer 21

single- single discrete event in time. chronically- disturbance year after year or many times in a year like a bison wallowing site.

Question 22

Introduced or Planted Patches:

Answer 22

are created by introducing species to an area. Disturbance is required to initiate the patch, followed by planting.

Question 23

patches are ——- entities

Answer 23

3-D

Question 24

environmental resourc patches:

Answer 24

are more or less permanent patches that priginate from heterogenous or patchy distribution of environmental resources.

Question 25

what is an example of a native plant altering the nutrient cycling?

Answer 25

smooth brome actually shifts the microbial community and there was increased nitrogen cycling under smooth brom patches.

Question 26

what is a prohibited weed?

Answer 26

any infestation must be quarantined and eradicated immediatlely

Question 27

Home or habitation patches:

Answer 27

include structure, surrounding grounds, and immediate surrounding of places where people live or lived