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EVAL science midterm > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

an element, feature, or factor that is liable to vary or change

A

factor

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2
Q

a quantity that during a calculation is assumed to vary or be capable of varying in value

A

mathematics variable

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3
Q

a data item that may take on more than one value during the runtime of a program

A

computing variable

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4
Q

4 scale of measurement data types

A

nominal, ordinal, continuous(interval and ratio)

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5
Q

a measurement scale based on the classification of an observation according to the group to which it belongs – a process of categorization

A

nominal

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6
Q

examples of nominal classification

A

gender, political party, martial status

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7
Q

a measurement scale based on the classification of an observation according to its relationship to other observations

A

ordinal

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8
Q

examples of ordinal classification

A

poor, fair, good rating scale

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9
Q

numbers can represent __ and __ scale values but just because numbers are used doesn’t mean that they represent “true numbers” that can be added and subtracted

A

nominal and ordinal

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10
Q

a measurement scale characterized by equal units of measurement, zero point is arbitrary, the distance between any two numbers is of known size

A

interval

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11
Q

examples of interval classification

A

fahrenheit and centigrade temp scales

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12
Q

a measurement scale characterized by equal units of measurement and a true zero point at its origin

A

ratio

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13
Q

examples of ratio classification

A

mass, time

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14
Q

populations use __ for constants, not variables

A

greek symbols

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15
Q

samples use __ for variables

A

roman characters

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16
Q

measures of location or central tendency

A

mode, median, mean

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17
Q

the value of the most frequent measurement, most useful with the nominal scale, but may be used with any scale, there could be more than one

A

mode

18
Q

the value of the measurement that falls in the middle when the measurements are arranged in order of magnitude

A

median

19
Q

the point at which or below which 50% of the measurements fall

A

median

20
Q

probably most useful with the ordinal scale, but may be used with higher order scales

A

median

21
Q

the arithmetical average, the sum of the measurements divided by the total number of measurements

A

mean

22
Q

most useful with interval or ratio measurements scales

A

mean

23
Q

range, interquartile range, variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, standard error of the mean

A

measures of variability or dispersion

24
Q

the difference between the largest and smallest measurements

A

range

25
Q

Xmax - Xmin

A

range

26
Q

X25th percentile - X75th percentile

A

interquartile range

27
Q

s^2, MS, mean square

A

variance

28
Q

the average of the square of the deviations of the measurements about their mean

A

variance

29
Q

__ is considered in terms of the distance of each measurement from the mean, generally associated with the term “degrees of freedom, df)

A

variance

30
Q

variance is determined by

A

find mean, subtract this mean from each measurement and square the result to eliminate negative numbers

31
Q

the sum of squared in the first two steps on determining the variance is called ___

A

sum of squares

32
Q

dividing the sum of squares in variance by the number in the smaple inus one gives us the __, gives us an unbiased estimate of the population variance

A

sample variance

33
Q

the positive square root of the variance

A

standard deviation

34
Q

the standard deviation is calculated by taking the square root of the

A

square root of the variance

35
Q

measures the percentage of spread, unitless, allows for caparisons

A

coefficient of variation

36
Q

states that the sampling distribution of the mean of any independent, random variable will be normal or nearly normal, if the sample size is large enough

A

central limit theorem

37
Q

if we took several samples from a population, calculated the mean of each sample, and then calculated the SD of these sample means, we would have

A

the standard error of the mean

38
Q

can be calculated from a single sample by dividing the SD by the square root of N

A

standard error of the mean

39
Q

an estimate of the variability of individual measurements within a sample, also is used to measure variability of individual subjects around a sample mean

A

standard deviation

40
Q

an estimate of the variability of sample means about the population mean, also is used to assess how accurately a sample mean reflects a population mean

A

standard error of the mean

EVAL science midterm (5 decks)

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