Lecture 5-6! Vitamins!

Question 1

Vitamins are what?

Answer 1

ESSENTIAL! Body cannot synthesize!

Question 2

Wht do vitamins do?

Answer 2

Promote growth an health maintenance!

Question 3

What are water soluble vitamins?

Answer 3

B and C
B is a large class!
Dont require fat to be absorbed
easy toabsorb
dont worry about high absorption-- able to excrete

Question 4

What are fat soluble?

Answer 4

A, D, E, K– requires fat in diet for absortion

Question 5

Fortified Foods lead to…

Answer 5

Vitamins building up in toxic levels.. unregulated industry

Question 6

Dietary Supplements

Answer 6

Widely abused and promoted
Food supply contains all vitamins could possibly need- if not in food plain multivitamin can help
Cannot replace phytonutrients or benefit of varied diet

Question 7

Bio-availability of Vitamins

Answer 7

Must be absorbed by body too preform their function

Most absorbed by small intestine

Question 8

B vitamins function

Answer 8

COENZYME!!
combines with enzyme to push forward reactions
—–especially energy metabolism–citric acid cycle

DO NOT SUPPLY ENERGY!!!!! Help release energy through co-enzyme process, so may be prescribed to tired patients

Question 9

Most nutrient dense to least

Answer 9

frozen produce> fresh produce> canned

b vitamins are in fruits and veggies

—frozen— picket at their peak time–
canned–low cost option– cnan be stored– high temps to kill bacteria can also destroy vitamins
fresh– picked to early,

Question 10

B1 Vitamin– Major name and description

Answer 10

Thiamin

Fxns:
assist in energy metabolism.
pyruvate –>acetyl CoA
health of nervous system

Question 11

What does a deficiency of thiamin cause?

Answer 11

Nervous system problems. Problems with energy metabolism
Beriberi disease: tingling, loss of feeling
wenicke- Korsakoff sndrome– alcoholics– become beneficent in B1 (thiamin)

Question 12

Riboflavin fxn

Answer 12

co enzyme–
FAD!! citric acid cycle– breakdown of fatty acid
FMN!! along with FAD they both are electron carriers in ETC

Question 13

How can riboflavin be destroyed?

Answer 13

Heat or exposure to light.

Milk-clear glass bottle is BAD

Question 14

Sources of Riboflavin

Answer 14

Milk, pork, beef

Question 15

Deficiency of riblovin

Answer 15

rare in US– inflammation of lips, mouth tounge

Question 16

Niacin fxn

Answer 16

Coenzyme–
NAD/NADP
energy release, metabolism, electron release, metabolism, electron acceptance, citric acid cycle!!
NAD–needed in multiple steps of metabolism–damage is widespread

Question 17

dietary sorces of niacin

Answer 17

animal products— chicken

have essential amino acids in them

Question 18

Niacin quick fact hint: amino acids

Answer 18

can be synthesized from amino acid tryptophan if diet is adequate

Question 19

deficiency of Niacin– ON EXAM!!

Answer 19

Pellagra

4ds: dermatitis, diarrhea, death, dementia

Question 20

Toxicity of Niacin

Answer 20

supplements can lower blood triglycerides abut may result in
	Elevated blood pressure
	Cardoca arrhythmia
	Elevated blood sugar levels
	Impaired liver function

Question 21

What is Biotin fxn

Answer 21

co-enzyme in energy metabolism

Question 22

What can destroy biotin

Answer 22

raw eggs (avidin)

Question 23

What are dietary sources of biotin

Answer 23

liver, egg yolks, yogurt, nuts

–deficiency is uncommon!

Question 24

B6 (Pyridoxine)

Answer 24

3 different compounds——- pyri blah blah blah

Important— they all form: pyridoxal phosphate (coenzyme)

Question 25

Fxn of pyridoxine (ON EXAM!!)

Answer 25

required for transamination and deamination (amino acid metabolism)

Question 26

B6 deficiency

Answer 26

may result in anemia bc related to hemoglobins!

Question 27

Toxicity of B6!

Answer 27

Supplements cause toxicity! can lead to irreversible nerve damage.

no adverse effects fro food!

Question 28

Folate Fxn

Answer 28

Dna Synthesis and metabolism of AAs
coenzyme!

Pregnant women NEED!!!

Question 29

What can protein deficiency cause in pregnant women?

Answer 29

neural tube defects, because helps cells divide– that’s why it is in food

Question 30

Low folate intake not in pergnancy

Answer 30

increased risk of heart disease

Question 31

Excess folate intake can do what? (WILL BE ON EXAM!!)

Answer 31

Mask B12 deficiency

B12 is low that folate cannot be activated

Needs to be activated for normal red cell division

If inactive leads to anemia because megablasts form– large blood cells

Question 32

Homocystine

Answer 32

• Intermediate in the metabolism of ethionine

high levels in blood increase risk of cardiovas disease

Question 33

Vitamin B12 fxn

Answer 33

required for folate to fxn pernicious anemia—immature red blood cells’

Question 34

Deficiency of B12

Answer 34

pernicious anemia—immature red blood cells
• long time to show, bc recycled by bile in colon
• Vegans have problem

Question 35

Absorption of B12

Answer 35

Stomach acid needed to release b12 form proteins

 Need lots of diff things to help absorb

Question 36

Vitamin C Fxns

Answer 36

antioxidant—-helps maintain the immune system

—can prevent heart disease and cancer

Question 37

C deficiency

Answer 37

scurvy!! Upper limit=2000mg

Question 38

role in cold

Answer 38

no correlation to cold

Question 39

foods with vit C

Answer 39

fruits!

Question 40

How can Vit C be destroyed?

Answer 40

O2, light, heat, contact with copper/iron cookware