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Nutrition 4-6 > Lecture 5-6! Vitamins! > Flashcards

Lecture 5-6! Vitamins! Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamins are what?

A

ESSENTIAL! Body cannot synthesize!

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2
Q

Wht do vitamins do?

A

Promote growth an health maintenance!

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3
Q

What are water soluble vitamins?

A 
B and C
B is a large class!
Dont require fat to be absorbed
easy toabsorb
dont worry about high absorption-- able to excrete
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4
Q

What are fat soluble?

A

A, D, E, K– requires fat in diet for absortion

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5
Q

Fortified Foods lead to…

A

Vitamins building up in toxic levels.. unregulated industry

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6
Q

Dietary Supplements

A

Widely abused and promoted
Food supply contains all vitamins could possibly need- if not in food plain multivitamin can help
Cannot replace phytonutrients or benefit of varied diet

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7
Q

Bio-availability of Vitamins

A

Must be absorbed by body too preform their function

Most absorbed by small intestine

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8
Q

B vitamins function

A

COENZYME!!
combines with enzyme to push forward reactions
—–especially energy metabolism–citric acid cycle

DO NOT SUPPLY ENERGY!!!!! Help release energy through co-enzyme process, so may be prescribed to tired patients

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9
Q

Most nutrient dense to least

A

frozen produce> fresh produce> canned

b vitamins are in fruits and veggies

—frozen— picket at their peak time–
canned–low cost option– cnan be stored– high temps to kill bacteria can also destroy vitamins
fresh– picked to early,

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10
Q

B1 Vitamin– Major name and description

A

Thiamin

Fxns:
assist in energy metabolism.
pyruvate –>acetyl CoA
health of nervous system

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11
Q

What does a deficiency of thiamin cause?

A

Nervous system problems. Problems with energy metabolism
Beriberi disease: tingling, loss of feeling
wenicke- Korsakoff sndrome– alcoholics– become beneficent in B1 (thiamin)

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12
Q

Riboflavin fxn

A

co enzyme–
FAD!! citric acid cycle– breakdown of fatty acid
FMN!! along with FAD they both are electron carriers in ETC

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13
Q

How can riboflavin be destroyed?

A

Heat or exposure to light.

Milk-clear glass bottle is BAD

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14
Q

Sources of Riboflavin

A

Milk, pork, beef

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15
Q

Deficiency of riblovin

A

rare in US– inflammation of lips, mouth tounge

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16
Q

Niacin fxn

A

Coenzyme–
NAD/NADP
energy release, metabolism, electron release, metabolism, electron acceptance, citric acid cycle!!
NAD–needed in multiple steps of metabolism–damage is widespread

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17
Q

dietary sorces of niacin

A

animal products— chicken

have essential amino acids in them

18
Q

Niacin quick fact hint: amino acids

A

can be synthesized from amino acid tryptophan if diet is adequate

19
Q

deficiency of Niacin– ON EXAM!!

A

Pellagra

4ds: dermatitis, diarrhea, death, dementia

20
Q

Toxicity of Niacin

A 
supplements can lower blood triglycerides abut may result in
	Elevated blood pressure
	Cardoca arrhythmia
	Elevated blood sugar levels
	Impaired liver function
21
Q

What is Biotin fxn

A

co-enzyme in energy metabolism

22
Q

What can destroy biotin

A

raw eggs (avidin)

23
Q

What are dietary sources of biotin

A

liver, egg yolks, yogurt, nuts

–deficiency is uncommon!

24
Q

B6 (Pyridoxine)

A

3 different compounds——- pyri blah blah blah

Important— they all form: pyridoxal phosphate (coenzyme)

25
Q

Fxn of pyridoxine (ON EXAM!!)

A

required for transamination and deamination (amino acid metabolism)

26
Q

B6 deficiency

A

may result in anemia bc related to hemoglobins!

27
Q

Toxicity of B6!

A

Supplements cause toxicity! can lead to irreversible nerve damage.

no adverse effects fro food!

28
Q

Folate Fxn

A

Dna Synthesis and metabolism of AAs
coenzyme!

Pregnant women NEED!!!

29
Q

What can protein deficiency cause in pregnant women?

A

neural tube defects, because helps cells divide– that’s why it is in food

30
Q

Low folate intake not in pergnancy

A

increased risk of heart disease

31
Q

Excess folate intake can do what? (WILL BE ON EXAM!!)

A

Mask B12 deficiency

B12 is low that folate cannot be activated

Needs to be activated for normal red cell division

If inactive leads to anemia because megablasts form– large blood cells

32
Q

Homocystine

A

• Intermediate in the metabolism of ethionine

high levels in blood increase risk of cardiovas disease

33
Q

Vitamin B12 fxn

A

required for folate to fxn pernicious anemia—immature red blood cells’

34
Q

Deficiency of B12

A

pernicious anemia—immature red blood cells
• long time to show, bc recycled by bile in colon
• Vegans have problem

35
Q

Absorption of B12

A

Stomach acid needed to release b12 form proteins

 Need lots of diff things to help absorb

36
Q

Vitamin C Fxns

A

antioxidant—-helps maintain the immune system

—can prevent heart disease and cancer

37
Q

C deficiency

A

scurvy!! Upper limit=2000mg

38
Q

role in cold

A

no correlation to cold

39
Q

foods with vit C

A

fruits!

40
Q

How can Vit C be destroyed?

A

O2, light, heat, contact with copper/iron cookware

Nutrition 4-6 (10 decks)

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