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ANAT3022 > Lecture 5 & 6 - Sensory Systems > Flashcards

Lecture 5 & 6 - Sensory Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial nerve V is______which consists of ____and _____ nerves and arises from ______.

A
  • the trigeminal nerve
  • head and face sensory (larger)
  • motor; jaw movement (smaller)
  • lateral pons
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2
Q

what are the 3 sensory branches of the trigeminal nerves? Where do their cell bodies lie? where do they relay before entering the cortex?

A
  • ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular
  • in Meckel’s cave (trigeminal ganglion)
  • The VPM nucleus of the thalamus
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3
Q

What are the three trigeminal sensory nuclei?

A
  • main (relays touch; travels via DCML) , spinal (relays pain, itch, temp.; travels with anterolateral system) and mesencephalic (relays proprioception; travels to spinal and main nuclei) trigeminal nuclei
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4
Q

photoreceptor cells are located in the_____.

A

Retina

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5
Q

Cone cells allow for ___ visual acuity because

A
  • high

- they connect to few bipolar cells

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6
Q

The fovea divides the retina into

A
  • nasal and temporal hemiretinae
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7
Q

Retinal ganglion cell axons from the nasal hemiretina ____at the optic chiasm

A

decussate

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8
Q

The lateral geniculate nucleus consists of ___ layers

A

six (2 magnocellular, 4 parvocellular)

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9
Q

M-type RGC’s project to the_____

P-type RGC’s project to the _____

A
  • magnocellular layers of the LGN

- parvocellular layers of the LGN

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10
Q

Ocular dominance columns

A

maintain segregation of contralateral and ipsilateral visual input from the retina to the cortex (V1)

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11
Q

Orientation columns

A

contain intracortical connections (rather than retinal) to do with stimulus orientation.

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12
Q

Colour blobs are located

A

in layers II and III of ocular dominance columns

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13
Q

input from V1 to higher visual processing areas (V4, V5) project to

A
  • V4 to the temporal lobe (“what” pathway - colour and form)

- V5 to the posterior parietal lobe (“where” pathway - movement and speed)

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14
Q

other pathways from the retina travel to the ____ layers of the _____ for _____.

A
  • dorsal
  • superior colliculi
  • orienting head and eyes towards important stimuli.
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15
Q

orientation columns respond to

A
  • stimulus orientation/position
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16
Q

ocular dominance columns respond to

A

stimulus from either one or the other eye

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17
Q

what is the key difference between ocular dominance and orientation columns?

A

ocular dominance columns respond to retinal input whereas orientation columns are responsive to intracortical connections

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18
Q

what are colour blobs and where are they located?

A

colour blobs are specialised columns in V1 that respond to stimulus colour and are located in layers II and III of ocular dominance columns.

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19
Q

Due to the crossing-over of the nasal hemiretinae of both eyes, AFTER the optic chiasma, the entire ____(LEFT/RIGHT) _____(VISUAL FIELD/EYE) is processed on the ______(LEFT/RIGHT) visual cortex and vice versa.

A
  • LEFT
  • VISUAL FIELD
  • RIGHT
20
Q

The lateral Geniculate Nucleus has ___ layers

A

six

21
Q

Which layers of the LGN are parvocellular and magnocellular? (dorsal or ventral?)

A

layers 1, 2 = magnocellular (ventral)

layers 3, 4, 5, 6 = parvocellular (dorsal)

22
Q

Which layers of the LGN receive visual information from the contraleral and ipsilateral eye?

A 
contralateral = 1, 4, 6
ipsilateral = 2, 3, 5

C I I C I C
1 2 3 4 5 6

23
Q

The ventral layers of the superior colliculi process information from/form the (x3)

A
  • anterolateral system
  • auditory pathways
  • tectospinal pathway
24
Q

hair cells are contained in the ____which is housed by the _____.

A
  • Organ of Corti

- Cochlea

25
Q

the cochlea is divided into (x3)

A
  • scala vestibuli (top)
  • scala media or cochlear duct (middle)
  • scala timpani (bottom)
26
Q

the Organ of corti can be found in which cochlear chamber?

A

scala media

27
Q

what forms the roof and floor of the organ of corti?

A
  • tectorial membrane (roof)

- basilar membrane (floor)

28
Q

sound waves enter through the ____and sounds which are above or below the hearing range travel out the _____.

A
  • oval window

- round window

29
Q

where is the cochlear nucleus?

A

on the medulla

30
Q

what are the major nuclei of the auditory pathway?

A
  • cochlear nucleus (medulla)
  • superior olivary complex (pons)
  • inferior colliculus (midbrain)
  • medial geniculate nucleus (interbrain/thalamus)
  • primary auditory cortex (cortex/superior post. temporal lobe)
31
Q

what are the three subdivisions of the cochlear nucleus?

A
  • dorsal
  • anteroventral
  • posteroventral
32
Q

the dorsal portion of the cochlear nucleus processes ______ and connects ____ to the _____.

A
  • sound from the vertical axis
  • directly
  • inf. colliculus
33
Q

the anteroventral part of the cochlear nucleus processes ______ and projects ____ to the _____.

A
  • sound from the horizontal plane
  • bilaterally
  • superior olivary complex
34
Q

the superior olivary complex helps to _____ sound coming from the _____ plane by comparing _____ for low frequencies and ____ for high frequencies between the left and right ear.

A
  • localise
  • horizontal
  • time differences
  • intensity
35
Q

what is the name of the fibre pathway of the auditory system which travels to the inferior colliculus?

A

lateral lemniscus

36
Q

the _____ receives both complex and pure sounds

A
  • primary auditory cortex
37
Q

the primary auditory cortex has a ______ organisation, where high tones are processed _____and low tones are processed _____.

A
  • tonotopic
  • medially
  • laterally
38
Q

the secondary auditory cortex facilitates ______

A

interpretation of auditory input

39
Q

the posterior parietal cortex contains _______, and projections to the post. parietal cortex from auditory cortex allows for interpetation of _______.

A
  • a map of our world

- where the sound came from in space

40
Q

connections from POSTERIOR PARIETAL cortex to PREFRONTAL and PREMOTOR regions allows for _____

A
  • planning of movement towards sound source
41
Q

Wernicke’s area is located on the _____

A

posterior, superior temporal gyrus

42
Q

Broca’s area is located on the ______

A

posterior, inferior frontal gyrus

43
Q

Olfactory nerve fibres originate from the ____

A

Nasal olfacotry epithelium

44
Q

olfactory nerve fibres project through the ______ and synapse onto the ______

A
  • cribiform plate

- olfactory bulb

45
Q

second order neurons of the olfactory pathway are located in the _______, which project to the _____via the ______ as the _____.

A
  • olfactory bulb
  • uncus (primary olfactory cortex)
  • olfactory tract
  • lateral stria
46
Q

the sense of olfaction is an ancient system hence the pathway does not have a ______.

A
  • thalamic relay
47
Q

the two olfactory bulbs are connected via the _____ as the ______.

A
  • anterior commissure

- medial stria

ANAT3022 (13 decks)

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