lecture 5&6 - memory Flashcards
what are the types of memory?
sensory, STM, LTM
what is sensory memory?
initial stage, holds all incoming info for seconds
what is STM?
holds 5-7 items for 15-20 secs
what is LTM?
can hold a large amount of info or years or even decades
who investigated capacity of sensory memory?
sperling - average only remembered 4-5 letters
what did Sperling do to investigate capacity of sensory memory?
presented with an array of letters flashing quickly onto a screen and parts asked to report as many letters as possible
what were the methods in sperlings capacity of sensory memory experiment?
whole report, partial report and delayed partial report
what was the whole report method?
report as many as seen (4.5/12 letters)
what was the partial report method?
tone told them which row of letters to report (3.3/4 letters)
what was the delayed partial report method?
tone delayed for a fraction of a sec after the letters were extinguished (1/4 letters - performance decreases rapidly)
what was the result of Sperlings capacity of sensory memory?
The decrease in performance is due to the rapid decay of iconic memory
what is the modal model of memory?
input - sensory memory - STM - output or rehersal to - LTM
who developed the modal model of memory?
Atkinson and Shiffrin
what is the primary form of info lost from STM?
decay
what is implicit memory?
Occurs when learning from experience is not acquisition
who was HM?
unable to form episodic memories but his procedural memory was fully intact
what happened to HM?
both his hippocampi was removed so he couldnt make new memories
how do we get info to the LTM?
encoding, retrieval, maintenance and elaborative rehearsal
what is working memory?
limited capacity system for temporary storage
how is working memory different from STM?
dynamic system, subdivision, facilitates parallel processing, interference
what is in the phonological loop?
phonological store, articulatory rehearsal process
what is the VSS?
Holds spatial & visual information (visual imagery) in the mind in the absence of a physical visual stimulus
what is the central executive?
focuses, divides and switches attention
what is the episodic buffer?
holds info longer and has a greater capacity
who was KF?
impaired STM (reduced digit span) but functional LTM - able to form and hold new memories
what happened to KF?
accident damaged parietal lobe
what is episodic memory?
personal experience
what is semantic memory?
general knowledge and facts
what is responsible for processing incoming visual and auditory info?
prefrontal cortex
what is retrograde amnesia?
loss of memory for events prior to the trauma
what is graded amnesia?
memory for recent events is more fragile than for remote events.
what is anterograde amnesia?
inability to form new long term memories for events after trauma (H.M. example)
what is a delayed-response task?
test of WM where individual responds on a basis of stored internal representations rather than the environment
