lecture 4 - attention Flashcards
what is the dichotic listening task?
one message played into one ear and another in the other, ignored outputs at one ear and attended inputs in the other
what is the purpose of the dichotic listening task?
to see if we can actually filter out the attended ear
what is the outcome of the dichotic listening task?
Recognise there is some speech and recognise a voice so know the gender and know if vol chnages or if someone diff starts speaking - info has to be processed so that we know the diffs
If someone says your name you switch your attention - if lots of ppl talking hard to pay attention unless someone says your name - cocktail party effect
is salience bottom-up or top-down?
bottom-up
what is salience?
how important something is to attract our attention
what is the cueing procedure?
Procedure for testing memory in which a participant is presented with cues, such as words or phrases, to aid recall of previously experienced stimuli
what is the cueing procedure? - what is it?
gives people a suggestion as to where they should look and pay attention
what types of cues are there?
endogenous and exogenous
when can cueing be used?
in magic tricks to decieve e.g. a spotlight
what are models of selective attention?
Broadbent’s filter model, Treisman’s attenuation model and McKay
what is Broadbent’s filter model?
1 - sensory memory (Holds all incoming information for a fraction of a second)
2 - filter
3 - detector
4 - STM
what is Treisman’s attenuation model?
Attended messages can be separated from unattended messages early in the information-processing system.
Selection can also occur later.
analyzes incoming message in terms of physical characteristics, language, and meaning.
Attended message is let through the attenuator at full strength.
Unattended message is let through at much weaker strength.
what is MacKay’s late selection model?
In attended ear, participants heard ambiguous sentences
In unattended ear, participants heard either “river” or “money.”
Meaning of the biasing word affected participants’ choice while participants were unaware of the presentation of the biasing words.
what is the feature integration theory? - 4 steps
object - preattentive stage - focussed attention stage - perception
what is the preattentive stage?
Object analyzed into features
what is the focused attention stage?
Attention plays key role
Features are combined into perceptual object
what is feature integration theory? - what is it?
Illusory conjunction is a situation in which features from different objects are inappropriately combined.
Participants report combination of features from different stimuli.
Illusory conjunctions occur because features are “free floating.”, combined the second stage of FIT called the Focus attention stage.
