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Psychology eye > Lecture 5 & 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 & 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What does colour enhance?

A

Perceptual organisation
Top down control
Automatic bottom up processing

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2
Q 
Colours for wavelengths:
short/medium 
medium 
medium/long
long
A

blue
green
yellow
red

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3
Q

What are the colours of solid objects?

A

Reflected wavelengths
Chromatic colours are the result of selective reflection (some reflected others absorbed)
Achromatic colours are the result of equal reflection

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4
Q

Colours of transparent objects

A

Chromatic colours are the result of selective transmission (some colours absorbed and some transmitted)

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5
Q

3 Colour dimensions in terms of Hue, Saturation and brightness

A

Hue: colour wheel
Saturation: amount of white added to the colour
Brightness: The amount of light reflected/intensity of the light

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6
Q

Mixing light

A

Additive colour mixture, combination of wavelengths

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7
Q

Mixing pigments

A

Subtractive colour mixture. Pigments will absorb the same wavelengths they absorb when they are alone. Only wavelengths reflected that are common in both pigments

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8
Q

Theories of colour

A

Trichromatic theory

Opponent process theory

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9
Q

Trichromatic theory

A

Young & Hemlhots

Colour matching experiments.

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10
Q

Results of trichromatic theory

A

Any colour can be matched by correctly adjusting 3 different wavelengths, not 2. Full colour vision is based on the ability to combine 3 wavelengths.

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11
Q

Physiological evidence of trichromatic theory

A 
S = short wavelengths
M = medium wavelengths
L = long wavelengths
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12
Q

Monochromatism

A

No functioning cones so only perceive shades of brightness

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13
Q

Dichromatism

A

Protanopia (no L cones)
Deuteranopia (no M cones)
Tritanopia (no S cones)

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14
Q

Tetrachromacy

A

Some animals have 4 types of cones so have 4 dimensional colour space

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15
Q

Opponent process theory

A 
Hering 
complementary afterimages 
Adapting " generates " afterimages
blue => yellow
green => red
black => white
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16
Q

What opponent channels respond in opposite ways to different wavelengths?

A

Black/white
Red/green
Blue/yellow
Resulting in these as blindness

17
Q

Oculomotor cues

A

Cues that include accommodation and convergence. Body related cues

18
Q

What are stimulus related cues?

A 
monocular cues (with one eye) 
binocular cue (both eyes)
19
Q

What are involved in monocular cues?

A

Occlusion, relative height, relative size, perspective convergence, familiar size, atmospheric pressure, texture gradients, shadows

20
Q

Occlusion (monocular cues)

A

occluded objects (partially hidden) appear further away

21
Q

Relative height (monocular cue)

A

Objects higher in the visual field are further away than objects in the lower field.

22
Q

Relative size (monocular cues)

A

when objects are equal in size the one that is further away takes up less of the visual field

23
Q

Familiar size (monocular cue)

A

knowledge about physical size of an object

24
Q

Perspective convergence

A

converging parts of an object are further away

25
Q

Atmospheric pressure

A

Objects that are further away are less sharp and have a blue tint. Particles in the atmosphere scatter light and soften colours.

26
Q

Texture gradients

A

Denser textures indicate objects are further away

27
Q

Motion based cues

A

motion parallax (near objects move quicky and far away objects move slowly), deletion and accretion

28
Q

Deletion and accretion

A

an object being covered and uncovered is further away. If you look at something in the distance and you move the object also appears to move

29
Q

Depth cues

A

Body related
Stimulus related
Binocular cues

30
Q

Binocular cues

A

Retinal disparity and stereoscopic vision

31
Q

Retinal disparity

A

The retinal images in the left and right eyes are a few cm apart

32
Q

Horopter

A

Imaginary plane through the fixation point connecting all objects of which retinal images fall on corresponding retinal points

33
Q

Stereopsis

A

The ability to use retinal disparity as a cue to perceive depth. The larger the disparity the further away the object is from fixation.

34
Q

Ponzo illusion

A

Two objects that are the same size appear different sizes in images due to their relative location. The size of an object is determined by its degree of visual angle.

35
Q

Calculating size constancy

A

S = K ( R X D)
S perceived size
R size of the retinal image
D perceived distance

Psychology eye (4 decks)

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