Lecture 5

Question 1

Law of Parsimony

Answer 1

the simplest theories are the best theories

number phenomena/number assumptions= highest number is best

Question 2

Delay (forward) Conditioning

Answer 2

First Order
CS starts before US but they are contiguous (touching in time)
most effective conditioning

Question 3

Simultaneous Conditioning

Answer 3

First Order

CS and US are simultaneous the entire time

Question 4

Rescorla

Answer 4

showed that you can reduce everything to associative learning theory
we present CS alone to test, so it’s already different for simultaneous conditioning, which makes it have a smaller response because it’s best when the situations are very similar

Question 5

Trace Conditioning

Answer 5

First Order
CS starts before US but also stops before the US starts
must have memory trace between them for learning to occur

Question 6

Trace Interval

Answer 6

time between the two stimuli

causes the conditioning to be stronger (if shorter) or weaker (if longer)

Question 7

Backwards Conditioning

Answer 7

First Order

US occurs before the CS, usually they touch in time

Question 8

Second Order

Answer 8

Higher Order
start with first order conditioning, then take a different CS and associate that with the original one
then, the new CS will produce a CR, even though it was never paired with the US

Question 9

Sensory Preconditioning

Answer 9

1. Pair the light with the bell
2. Pair the bell with the tendon tap
3. Test- light alone - we will see a conditional response to light (usually not as robust)

Question 10

Sensitization Controls

Answer 10

During training, control group gets CS alone
During testing, control group gets CS alone
rules out effects of sensitization to CS

Question 11

Pseudoconditioning Control

Answer 11

During training, control group gets US alone
During testing, control group gets CS alone
Just getting the US can cause changes that make you react to novel stimuli, which isn’t associative learning