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Bio 224 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

before birth, blood leaves the right atrium to bypass the lung through:

A

Ductus arteriosus and

foramen ovale

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2
Q

A connection between the 6th aortic arch:

A

Ductus arteriosus

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3
Q

A hole between the right and left atria, allowing blood to pass from the right side to the left side and not ever get pumped into the lungs:

A

Foramen ovale

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4
Q

Allows blood to skip past the lungs and join up with partially oxygenated blood that is being pumped out of the left ventricle:

A

Ductus arteriosus

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5
Q

Where does the spent blood from the fetus go?

A

Umbilical artery

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6
Q

The distal end of the internal iliac artery is an old connection of the _________ which goes towards the placenta

A

Umbilical artery

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7
Q

Oxygenated blood returning to the fetus returns via the:

A

Umbilical vein

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8
Q

Where does more oxygen-rich blood pass through on the fetus?

A

Foramen ovale over to the left side

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9
Q

A pathway from the placenta to the upper region of the IVC bypasses the liver through the:

A

Ductus Venosus

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10
Q

The _____ umbilical vein eventually degenerates

A

right

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11
Q

Closes at the moment of birth:

A

Foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus

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12
Q

What closes the foramen ovale?

A

interatrial flap valve

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13
Q

The umbilical vein becomes the:

A

round ligament of the liver

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14
Q

Ductus arteriosus turns into what in the adult?

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

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15
Q

Ductus venosus turns in what in the adult?

A

Ligamentum venosum

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16
Q

The thinnest, smoothest part of the interatrial wall:

A

Fossa ovalis

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17
Q

When the foramen ovale fuses into the interatiral wall, it then becomes:

A

Fossa ovalis

18
Q

4 functions of the integumentary system:

A
  • protection
  • thermoregulation
  • sensory
  • synthesis
19
Q

Removal of cellular debris and invading micro-organisms:

A

Phagocytes

20
Q

2 types of phagocytes:

A

Microphages

Macrophages

21
Q

Natural killer cells adhere to abnormal cells and tear them open with an enzyme called:

A

Perforin

22
Q

Responsible for “cell-mediated immunity”

-a specific defense against invading foreign cells:

A

T-cells

23
Q

Responsible for “humoral immunity”

-defense by means of antibodies:

A

B-cells

24
Q

T-lymphocytes:

A

Specific antibodies

25
Q

B-lymphocytes:

A

Specific antibodies and natural antibodies

26
Q

Proteins that have the shape of a letter “Y”:

A

Antibodies

27
Q

4 types of T-lymhpocytes:

A

Natural killer
Helper
Memory
Suppressor

28
Q

Matures in bone marrow

A

B-lymphocytes

29
Q

Matures in thymus gland

A

T-lymphocytes

30
Q

Made up of 5 antibodies:

A

IgM

31
Q

Made up of 2 antibodies :

A

IgA

32
Q

Main antibody in blood:

A

IgG

33
Q

A new class of antibodies that begins production before birth :

A

Natural antibodies

34
Q

Part of a waste removal system that helps clean up dead, dying, and damaged cells of “self”

A

Natural antibodies

35
Q

Superficial layer of perineal muscles

A

Urogenital diaphragm

36
Q

Intermediate layer of perineal muscles

A

Pelvic diaphragm

37
Q

Deep layer of perineal muscles

A

Transversalis fascia

38
Q

Hindgut in perineum sympathetic innervation segmental levels:

A

T10-L2

39
Q

Hindgut in perineum parasympathetic innervation segmental levels:

A

Pelvic outflow, S2-4

40
Q

Sympathetic innervation of bladder:

A

T12

41
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of bladder:

A

Sacral outflow, S2-4

42
Q

Body-wall branches of internal iliac artery:

A
  1. Iliolumbar
  2. Lateral sacral
  3. Sup. gluteal
  4. Inf. gluteal
  5. Internal pudendal
  6. Obturator

Bio 224 (8 decks)

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