Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CELS191 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

0
Q

Do prokaryote cells have internal membranes?

A

They have no membrane bound organelles so no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are the features of a prokaryote’s DNA?

A
  • no nucleus

- DNA in unbound region = nucleoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What size are prokaryote cells?

A

Very small

0.1-5 um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 shapes a prokaryote can be?

A
  • cocci (balls)
  • bacilli (cylinder)
  • spirochaetes (worm shapes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do prokaryote cells move?

A

Mobile with flagella
Rotary spinning action
- anticlockwise = run
- clockwise = tumble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the capsule of a prokaryote cell like?

A

Usually carbohydrate - slippery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the capsule of a prokaryote prevent?

A

Desiccation and dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the capsule of the prokaryote increase?

A

Resistance to phagocytosis

Adhesion to solid surfaces (colonisation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How much peptidoglycan does gram + bacteria have?

A

A lot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What membranes does a gram + bacteria have?

A

An inner cell membrane only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Does a gram + retain a primary stain?

What colour?

A

Yes it does

Purple/blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is a gram + bacteria similar to other cells? What does this mean?

A

Yes, means it is not ideal for antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How much peptidoglycan does a gram - bacteria have?

A

Very little

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What membranes does a gram - have?

A

An inner and outer membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Does a gram - bacteria retain a primary stain? What colour?

A

No it doesn’t

Pink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the structure of peptidoglycan?

A

A sugar backbone attached to peptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a key feature of peptidoglycan?

A

It has a strong and impermeable structure

17
Q

Pili (fimbriae) what is it?

A

Little hair like projections

18
Q

What do fimbriae help?

A

Adhesion to solid surfaces (disease and biofilm)

19
Q

What do sex pili do?

A

Allow bacterial conjunction (genetic material exchange)

20
Q

What is a nucleoid in prokaryote’s?

A

Large loop of DNA

21
Q

Where else is there DNA in prokaryote’s?

A

The plasmids: short loops of extra chromosomal DNA

22
Q

What does the plasmid DNA do?

A
  • virulence
  • resistance to antibiotics
  • bacteriocin (natural antibiotic)
  • fertility (conjunction)
23
Q

What is an endospore?

A

Seed like condensed nuclear material

24
Q

When are endospores produced?

A

In adverse conditions

25
Q

What is the function of an endospore?

A

Attaches to the nucleoid to protect it from

  • heat
  • dryness
  • chemicals
  • desiccation
26
Q

How are ribosomes in prokaryote’s different to that in eukaryotes?

A

They are about 50% smaller

27
Q

What in prokaryote’s are the target site for antibiotics?

A

The ribosomes

28
Q

What happens when antibiotics attack ribosomes in prokaryote’s?

A

Inhibition of proteins synthesis in bacteria

29
Q

What is significant about the DNA in eukaryotes?

A

They’re in a double nucleus

- membranous nuclear envelope

30
Q

Do eukaryotes have inner membranes?

A

Yes because they have membrane bound organelles

31
Q

What does the membrane bound organelles allow?

A

More complex metabolic reactions

32
Q

What size are eukaryotes?

A

Much larger than prokaryote’s

- 10-100um

33
Q

What is the function of the smooth ER?

A
  • synthesises lipids (eg sex hormones)
  • detoxifies poisons (eg alcohol)
  • stores calcium
34
Q

What will a big drinker or alcohol have a lot of?

A

Smooth ER produced by the liver

35
Q

What is the function of the rough ER?

A

Has ribosomes bound to it

  • secretes glycoproteins
  • sends transport vesicles
  • manufactures cell membrane
36
Q

What is the structure of Golgi body?

A

Flattened sacs called cristae

37
Q

What is the function of Golgi body?

A
  • modifies products of ER
  • manufactures certain macromolecules
  • sorts/packages materials into transport vesicles
  • cis/trans faces
38
Q

What is the structure of mitochondria?

A
  • semi-autonomous (contains its own DNA)
  • double membrane
  • forms networks
39
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

Changes energy from one form to another (sites of cellular respiration)

40
Q

Organelles that animals have that plants don’t

A
  • lysosomes
  • centrosomes with centrioles
  • flagella (flagellum)
41
Q

Organelles plant cells have that animal cells don’t

A
  • chloroplasts (animals can get from eating leaf)
  • central vacuole/cell wall (plant cell structure/support)
  • plasmodesmata (communication between plant cells)

CELS191 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions