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Agriculture informatics > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is data?

A

A collection of distinct small units of information, which can be in forms like text, numbers, media, or bytes.

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2
Q

What is the origin of the word ‘data’?

A

It originates from ‘datum,’ which means a single piece of information. ‘Data’ is the plural form.

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3
Q

What is a database?

A

An organized collection of structured information stored electronically and managed by a DBMS.

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4
Q

What is a DBMS?

A

A Database Management System is software that allows users to retrieve, update, and manage databases.

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5
Q

What are examples of DBMS software?

A

MySQL, Microsoft Access, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle Database, and FileMaker Pro.

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6
Q

How is data typically structured in a database?

A

In rows and columns within tables to allow efficient querying and processing.

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7
Q

What language is commonly used for database management?

A

Structured Query Language (SQL).

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8
Q

What is the difference between a database and a spreadsheet?

A

Databases handle large, complex data for multiple users, while spreadsheets are simpler and intended for smaller datasets and fewer users.

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9
Q

What are relational databases?

A

Databases that organize data in tables with rows and columns for structured information.

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10
Q

What are object-oriented databases?

A

Databases that represent data as objects, similar to object-oriented programming.

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11
Q

What are distributed databases?

A

Databases stored across multiple locations or systems, often on different networks.

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12
Q

What is a data warehouse?

A

A central repository of data designed for fast querying and analysis.

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13
Q

What are NoSQL databases?

A

Databases designed to handle unstructured or semi-structured data, often used in web applications.

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14
Q

What are graph databases?

A

Databases that store data in terms of entities and their relationships.

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15
Q

What are open-source databases?

A

Databases with open-source code, which can be SQL or NoSQL.

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16
Q

What are cloud databases?

A

Databases stored on cloud platforms, offering scalability and real-time access.

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17
Q

What are the types of cloud database models?

A

Traditional databases and Database-as-a-Service (DBaaS).

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18
Q

What are OLTP databases?

A

Databases optimized for high-speed, real-time transactions performed by multiple users.

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19
Q

What is database software?

A

Software used to create, edit, and manage databases, ensuring data storage, security, and reporting.

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20
Q

What are the challenges of managing databases?

A

Data volume, security, real-time access, scalability, and maintenance.

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21
Q

What is the importance of databases in agriculture?

A

They centralize agricultural data, support decision-making, and optimize resources.

22
Q

What types of agricultural data are stored in databases?

A

Farmer details, crop information, weather data, soil health data, irrigation data, market prices, and policy information.

23
Q

What is precision agriculture?

A

A farming approach that uses real-time data and IoT devices for precise decision-making.

24
Q

What is supply chain management in agriculture?

A

Tracks the flow of agricultural products to reduce wastage and monitor storage conditions.

25
Q

What is crop management in agriculture?

A

Uses data to select crops, plan crop rotation, and manage pests.

26
Q

What is the role of databases in agricultural research and development?

A

Stores experimental data for developing new seeds and techniques.

27
Q

What is financial service data in agriculture?

A

Records for micro-loans, crop insurance, and subsidy distribution.

28
Q

What is GIS integration in agricultural databases?

A

Combines spatial and database data for mapping agricultural activities.

29
Q

What are relational databases used for in agriculture?

A

To store structured data like farmer registries and crop yields.

30
Q

What are NoSQL databases used for in agriculture?

A

To store unstructured data like weather patterns and multimedia data.

31
Q

What are the challenges in implementing databases in agriculture?

A

Data collection, integration, cost, digital literacy, and data security.

32
Q

What is MySQL?

A

An open-source relational database management system (RDBMS) using SQL for data management.

33
Q

What is the master database?

A

The primary database containing metadata and system settings.

34
Q

What is the future of databases?

A

Cloud adoption, AI-driven optimization, NoSQL growth, enhanced security, and IoT integration.

35
Q

What are the benefits of cloud databases?

A

Scalability, real-time access, and suitability for remote areas.

36
Q

What are data warehouses designed for?

A

Fast querying and analysis of large datasets.

37
Q

What is database scalability?

A

The ability to grow database capacity as a business expands.

38
Q

What are the types of languages in DBMS?

A

DDL (Data Definition), DML (Data Manipulation), DCL (Data Control), and TCL (Transaction Control).

39
Q

What is database security?

A

Measures to protect data from breaches while ensuring authorized access.

40
Q

How do NoSQL databases differ from relational databases?

A

NoSQL handles unstructured data, while relational databases manage structured data in tables.

41
Q

What is an example of a graph database?

A

A database storing relationships like social network connections or supply chains.

42
Q

What is database latency?

A

The delay in data access or processing, often managed in on-premises setups.

43
Q

What are the applications of agricultural databases?

A

Precision agriculture, supply chain management, crop management, and research.

44
Q

What are the challenges of database security?

A

Protecting sensitive data like farmer details and land records from breaches.

45
Q

What is decision support in agricultural databases?

A

Provides actionable insights to farmers and stakeholders through reports and tools.

46
Q

What are OLTP databases optimized for?

A

High-speed, real-time transactions.

47
Q

What is database residency?

A

Keeping databases on-premises to meet organizational or regulatory requirements.

48
Q

What is the role of policy and subsidy data in agriculture?

A

Stores details on government schemes and financial aid for farmers.

49
Q

What is the role of IoT devices in precision agriculture?

A

Sensors and drones collect real-time data for monitoring soil, crops, and weather.

50
Q

What are the limitations of spreadsheets compared to databases?

A

Spreadsheets handle smaller datasets and fewer users, lacking the complexity and scalability of databases.

51
Q

What are the types of agricultural data stored in databases?

A

Farmer details, crop information, weather, soil health, irrigation, market prices, and policy information.

Agriculture informatics (8 decks)

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