Lecture 5

Question 1

2 visual systems

Answer 1

1 identifies and 1 interacts

Question 2

visual apperceptive agnosia

Answer 2

damage to the grouping stage of object recognition

Question 3

visual associative agnosia

Answer 3

inability to recognise an object by sight - damage to the memory stage of object recognition

Question 4

3 stages of object recognition

Answer 4

feature detection
grouping
recognition

Question 5

stage 1 - feature detection

Answer 5

recognition of objects
detecting simple features, such as colour, motion, lines and orientation

Question 6

visual apppercetive agnosia

Answer 6

damage to the LOC, inability to perceive objects through vision
patients with damage to or around area LOC can only detect simple features e.g. lines, the presence of closure but they cant perceive even the simplest forms

Question 7

stage 3 - recognition

Answer 7

matching the perception to the representation of the object we hold in long-term memory

Question 8

Area IT

Answer 8

neurones have 10 times larger receptive fields
cells are activated by combinations of complex forms combined with colours and textures

Question 9

visual associative agnosia

Answer 9

damage to area IT in the anterior temporal lobe following stroke, cardiac arrest of head injury can lead to visual associative object agnosia, the inability to recognise a visual form as something

Question 10

how do we recognise objects, regardless of changes in viewpoint?

Answer 10

two theories:
view - independent theories e.g. recognition by components
view-dependent theories e.g. view based

Question 11

recognition by components

Answer 11

every object can be described in terms of simpler forms, called geons and their configuration
objects are perceived and stored in memory as collections of distinct geons in specific spatial configurations
therefore, recognition will be accurate regardless of viewpoint

Question 12

occlusion

Answer 12

something infront, we can still see what the object is

Question 13

parahipocampul place area

Answer 13

helps us get around the world, views/scenery

Question 14

geons

Answer 14

simple shapes hat are put together to build objects, its not just which geons are included but also the configuration

Question 15

non-accidental properties

Answer 15

decomposing objects into similar forms so we are able to recognise them, even from different viewpoints as long as NAPS are present

Question 16

evaluation of RBC

Answer 16

• recognition of similar objects is hard to explain
• some objects are hard to define in terms of geons
• object recognition may take different amounts of time depending on viewpoint
• other features in addition to geons help us indetify objects

Question 17

view-based theory

Answer 17

• recognise objects based on a few learned viewpoints
• recognition is the result of a match between the current view and the views of the same object already stored in memory
• recognition speed and accuracy will duped on the deviation of the percieved view from memory

Question 18

which theory is correct

Answer 18

depends on the task and stimuli
categorical discriminations - view independent
difficult discriminations - viewpoint dependent

Question 19

face recognition

Answer 19

recognised the face as belonging to a particular individual

Question 20

face perception

Answer 20

realise that a visual stimulus is a face

Question 21

are faces special?

Answer 21

we can identify different people, despite similarities
we can identify the dame person, despite drastic changes

Question 22

face pareidolia

Answer 22

we tend to see faces in chance arrangements of objects and parts

Question 23

inversion paradigm

Answer 23

help us to study how faces are processed
using upright and inverted faces and asking people to judge whether there is something odd or not - Thatcher illusion

Question 24

inversion effect with other objects - yin 1969

Answer 24

ptps saw 2 pictures simultaneously, one that had been studied and one that was new
they had to select the one they had studied

inversion disrupted faces nut not object recognition

Question 25

why are we invacuate at perceiving inverted faces?

Answer 25

objects are perceived and recognised on the basis of the shape of their component parts and their spatial configuration
but faces are perceived on the basis of the overall configuration of features, but the features themselves are not accurately perceived and represented

when faces are inverted, the configuration of features breaks down so we have to rely on the individual features

Question 26

evidence from fMRI

Answer 26

area of the brain for facial processing known as the fusiform face area. maximally activated when seeing faces

Question 27

Gauthier et al (1999)

Answer 27

ptps trained to name each greeble, a face like stimuli that each has the same part but they are arranged in slightly different configuration

Question 28

Sanocki (1993)

Answer 28

objects in the world can appear in a infinite amount of orintations, sizes, shapes, colours and so on
looking at the global context and then the local context

Question 29

prosopagnosia

Answer 29

inability to recognise faces
always brain damage in the right hemisphere and often damage to the homologous region of the left hemisphere as well

Question 30

cells in the visual cortex

Answer 30

sensitive to various kinds of stimulus features sick as orientation and position within the visual field