Lecture 5

Question 1

__________: use antibodies to locate fluorescent probes, each antibody has a different binding site that
recognizes a specific target molecule

Answer 1

immunofluorescence

Question 2

how does immunofluorescence work?

Answer 2

1. Generate antibodies against a target antigen.
2. Chemically couple antibodies to fluorescent dyes.
3. Allow the labeled antibody to bind to a target in
   the cell.
4. Detect the target antigen in the cell using a
   fluorescence microscope

Question 3

what are the two types of immunofluorescence detection?

Answer 3

direct and indirect detection

Question 4

If the gene that encodes _________ is fused to the
sequences of a gene of interest, the expression of the
resulting reporter gene can be monitored by
fluorescence microscopy

Answer 4

green fluorescent protein (GFP)

Question 5

what are the two versions of fluorescence microscopy?

Answer 5

confocal and super-resolution microscopy

Question 6

_____________: Excite a point at a time and scan the field of
view – generates a sharp image of the plane of focus

Answer 6

Confocal microscopy

Question 7

___________: Improve contrast by bleaching the
surrounding area

Answer 7

Super-resolution microscopy

Question 8

The ___________ microscope
uses a beam of electrons, whose wavelength is
very short, instead of a beam of light

Answer 8

transmission electron microscope (TEM)

Question 9

true/false: Samples need to coated for electron
microscopy

Answer 9

true

Question 10

true/false: There is no possibility of looking at living cells when using TEM and SEM

Answer 10

true

Question 11

A __________ microscope
produces an image of
the three-dimensional
structure of the surface
of a specimen

Answer 11

scanning electron
microscope (SEM)

Question 12

______: the time from one division to the next
division

Answer 12

Cell cycle

Question 13

what are the two visible phases of the cell cycle?

Answer 13

M phase, Interphase

Question 14

________ –includes mitosis
(nuclear division) and cytokinesis (cell division)

Answer 14

M phase

Question 15

___________ –
cell growth and metabolism

Answer 15

Interphase

Question 16

what are the three cell cycle phases within the interphase?

Answer 16

S phase (cell replicates its DNA)
G1 phase and G2 phase (cell continues to grow)

Question 17

what are the three broad categories with respect to the cell cycle?

Answer 17

1. Cells that do not cycle, but enter a permanent arrest stage (G0)
2. Cells that normally do not divide, but can be induced
3. Cells that divide regularly

Question 18

what are three examples of types of cells that do not cycle, but enter a permanent arrest stage

Answer 18

neurons, muscle cells, red blood cells

Question 19

what are two examples of types of cells that normally do not divide but can be induced

Answer 19

liver cells, lymphocytes

Question 20

what is the most common type of cell that divides regularly?

Answer 20

epithelial cells that line body cavities and surfaces

Question 21

A cell-cycle _______ triggers the
essential processes of the cycle

Answer 21

control system

Question 22

the ____________: Ensures a sequential occurrence of DNA
replication, mitosis, and cytokinesis, with
each process completed before the next
begins

Answer 22

cell cycle control system

Question 23

how is the cell cycle controlled?

Answer 23

maturation promoting factor (MPF) in the cytoplasm that controls entry into M phase