Lecture 3

Question 1

true/false: viruses are crossroads between living and non-living
matter

Answer 1

true

Question 2

______: Reproduce only in cells, Inert outside the cells, are bits of nucleic acids that have a protein coat

Answer 2

viruses

Question 3

________: circular RNA without protein coat

Answer 3

viroids

Question 4

_______: proteinaceous infectious particles

Answer 4

prions

Question 5

what are the four types of non-covalent interactions?

Answer 5

electrostatic interactions
hydrogen bonds
Van der Waals interactions
hydrophobic interactions

Question 6

what are the four major categories of macromolecules?

Answer 6

lipids, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, proteins

Question 7

_______ make up over 50% of a cell’s dry mass

Answer 7

proteins

Question 8

how much of the cell is made of water?

Answer 8

70%

Question 9

true/false: Our cells may have as many as 10,000
different proteins

Answer 9

true

Question 10

enzymes, structural elements, contractile elements, control of gene transcription, transport, carriers, hormones, and antibodies are all forms and general functions of ______

Answer 10

proteins

Question 11

_______: are the building blocks of proteins

Answer 11

amino acids

Question 12

what is primary structure of proteins?

Answer 12

sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide

Question 13

what is secondary structure of proteins?

Answer 13

hydrogen bonds between carbonyl and amino groups in the peptide backbone, alpha helices and beta sheets

Question 14

what is tertiary structure of proteins?

Answer 14

The way that regions of secondary structure are
oriented with respect to each other, result from side chain interactions (H bonds, hydrophobic, electrostatic, disulfide bonds)

Question 15

what is quaternary structure in proteins?

Answer 15

Quaternary structure is the spatial arrangement of the polypeptide subunits in a protein