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Cell Bio > Lecture 10 > Flashcards

Lecture 10 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

_________ allows
many different proteins to be
produced from the same gene

A

Alternative splicing, An exon in one mRNA can be an intron in another, and vice
versa

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2
Q

how can we expand the proteome? ( all the proteins in the cell)

A

alternative splicing!

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3
Q

The different proteins encoded
by the same gene are called
splicing ______ of the protein

A

isoforms

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4
Q

what are the basic properties of mature mRNA’s?

A

They each code for a specific
polypeptide.

They are found in the cytoplasm.

They are attached to ribosomes when
translated.

Only the coding region is translated
into a polypeptide.

Most have a non-coding segments: 5’
untranslated region(5’ UTR) and 3’
untranslated region (3’ UTR) .

Eukaryotic mRNAs modifications at
their 5’ (guanosine cap) and a 3’
poly(A) tail

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5
Q

The coding region consists of an ________, which is a continuous stretch of codons that code for the polypeptide primary structure

A

open reading frame
(ORF)

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6
Q

_______: Converting information from one language to another
language (nucleic acid to protein)

A

Translation

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7
Q

_______: The set of rules by which the nucleotide sequence of a gene is translated into the amino acid sequence through an intermediary
mRNA molecule

A

Genetic code

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8
Q

_______: Sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a
specific amino acid or serves as a start or stop signal

A

Codon

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9
Q

Codons are not directly recognized by
the amino acids, but rather by adaptor molecules called _____

A

tRNA (short RNA strand made of 73 to 93 nucleotides)

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10
Q

which form of tRNA can form four short double helix regions with three loops (cloverleaf shape), which then forms a compact, L-shaped structure?

A

tRNA

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11
Q

Anticodon in the tRNA binds to codon in the mRNA molecule through ______

A

base-pairing

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12
Q

how many tRNA’s do we have?

A

50

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13
Q

true/false: There is more than one tRNA for many of the amino acids and some tRNA
molecules can base-pair with more than one codon

A

true

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14
Q

what is the Wobble Hypothesis?

A

base-pairing of the third position of a codon isn’t as specific, so that there are less detrimental protein function changes when there is a mistake in the third position

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15
Q

_________ covalently couple each amino acid to the appropriate set of tRNA molecules

A

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

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16
Q

Each synthetase enzyme recognizes its designated amino acid and
the nucleotides in the _____ loop of the tRNA molecule

A

anticodon

17
Q

__________: Complex of ribosomal proteins and ribosomal
RNAs (rRNAs)

A

Ribosomes

18
Q

_______ bind to mRNA, capture and position appropriate
tRNA molecules, and catalyze the covalent linkage of amino
acids to form a polypeptide chain, and are composed of large and small subunits

A

Ribosomes

19
Q

______ subunit – matches tRNA to mRNA
________ subunit – catalyzes peptide bonds

A

small
large

20
Q

Ribosome is a ________: RNAs catalyzes the protein
synthesis (same for spliceosome)

A

Ribozyme

21
Q

tRNA-binding sites (the A, P, and E sites) on the ribosome
formed primarily by the _____

A

rRNAs

22
Q

what are the three stages of translation?

A

initiation
elongation
termination

23
Q

where does translation start?

A

AUG codon on mRNA

24
Q

The initiator tRNA carries the amino acid _________

A

methionine

25
Q

Release factors bind to any stop codon at the ______ on the
ribosome

A

A site

26
Q

Prokaryotic ribosomes initiate translation at ___________,
which can be located in the interior of an mRNA molecule

A

ribosome-binding sites

27
Q

true/false: A prokaryotic mRNA does not have the same sort of 5’ cap as a eukaryotic
mRNA

A

true

28
Q

True/false: Single prokaryotic mRNA molecule can encode several different proteins

A

true

Cell Bio (11 decks)

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