Lecture 5

Question 1

inductive reasoning

Answer 1

Specific –> general

not logially valid, can be useful for hypothese

Question 2

Deductive reasoning

Answer 2

General –> specific
logically valid

Question 3

analogy

Answer 3

a comparison between one thing and another, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarificatio

Question 4

syllogisme

Answer 4

form of deductive reasoning

premise 1 and 2, you take a conclusion

Question 5

expectation violation (gravity)
children of who old?

Answer 5

Children 7.5 to 9.5 months old look longer at impossible event.

Question 6

at what age do children know that a hammer will break glass.

Answer 6

3

Question 7

Hume’s four causal principles

Answer 7

Priority: X occurs before Y in time (3 years old)
Covariation: If X occurs, Y also occurs (3 years old)
Temporal contiguity: X and Y are sequential (close) in time (4-7 years )
Similarity

all from 3 years old
You need context.

Question 8

hypothesis testing, age

Answer 8

6 and 8 year olds can already do this

Question 9

imperfect patterns of covariation, age

Answer 9

only 6 year olds can do this
4-5 year olds can do perfect patterns of covariation

Question 10

creativity

Answer 10

the generation of ideas that are both novel and valuable

one that is both original and appropiate for the situation inwhich it occurs

creativity from a western perspective can be defined as the ability to produce work that is novel and appropiate

Question 11

divergent thinking

Answer 11

thinking out of the box. very broad. thinking about eveyrthing

Question 12

Convergent thinking

Answer 12

Convergent thinking focuses on reaching one well-defined solution to a problem. This type of thinking is best suited for tasks that involve logic as opposed to creativity, such as answering multiple-choice tests or solving a problem where you know there are no other possible solutions.