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Inorganic Chemistry > lecture 5 > Flashcards

lecture 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Why does H+ not exist in nature?

A

Because its ioniziation energy is high enough.

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2
Q

what are isotopes?

A

isotopes have different mass number but share the same atomic number.

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3
Q

are the differences in isotopes in chemical or physical properties? explain.

A

physical properties. since the difference is in the mass number of the atom.

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4
Q

What are the isotopes of hydrogen?

A

protium [H]
deuterium [D]
tritium [T]

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5
Q

where does tritium exist?

A

the upper atmosphere and found naturally in space.

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6
Q

what are the rays that radioactive tritium emit?

A

weak beta rays emitter

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7
Q

why is hydrogen not in the alkali metal group or in the halogen group?

A

it is not a metal and doesn’t react with water. rarely forms non-negative ion and is reactive comparatively.

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8
Q

why do some people think hydrogen belongs in alkali metal group or halogen group?

A

forms mono-positive ions, has a single s electron.

is a non-metal. forms diatomic molecule.

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9
Q

what are the types of hydrogen based off of rotation?

A

ortho-hydrogen which is stable.

para-hydrogen which is less stable.

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10
Q

how to prepare small quantities of hydrogen?

A
  • electrolysis of water that has extra electrolytes.
  • reacting dilute acid and suitable metals.
  • treating a metal that forms amphoteric hydroxides with aqueous alkali.
  • reacting metal hydrides with water.
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11
Q

example for dilute acid and metal to make hydrogen

A

Zn + 2 HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2

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12
Q

example of treating metal to form amphoteric hydroxides with aqueous alkali.

A

2 Al + 2 NaOH + 6 H2O -> 2 Na[Al(OH)4]

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13
Q

example reacting metal hydrides with water.

A

CaH2 + 2 H2O -> Ca(OH)2 + 2 H2

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14
Q

how is dihydrogen commercially produced?

A

steam reformer process.

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15
Q

what is the steam reformer process?

A

red hot cakes + steam -> water gas -(catalyst)-> Co2 + H2

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16
Q

chemical equations for forming hydrogen.

A

CH4 + H2O -[nickel catalyst]-> CO2 + H2O
=> CO + 2H2 -[copper/zinc oxide catalyst]-> CH3OH
or
=> CO2 + 3H2 -[copper/zinc oxide catalyst]-> CH3OH + H2O

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17
Q

reactivity of hydrogen. explain

A

not reactive in ambient conditions. due to the strength of the H-H bond.

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18
Q

combustion of hydrogen. give example

A

burns with a pale blue flame.

2 H2 + O2 -> 2 H2O

19
Q

hydrogen reacting with nitrogen write chemical equation.

A

makes ammonia. 3 H2 + N2 -> 2 NH3

20
Q

hydrogen reacting with oxygen

A

makes water gas. 2 H2 + O2 -> 2 H2O

21
Q

hydrogen reacting with reactive metals.

A

Ca + H2 -[525k]-> CaH2

22
Q

hydrogen reacting with metals.

A

makes interstitial hydrides.

23
Q

hydrogen reacting with metal oxides. give example.

A

less active.
FeO4 + 4 H2 -[heat]-> 3 Fe = 4 H2O
CuO +H2 -[heat]-> Cu + H2O

23
Q

hydrogen reacting with metal oxides. give example.

A

less active.
FeO4 + 4 H2 -[heat]-> 3 Fe + 4 H2O
CuO +H2 -[heat]-> Cu + H2O

23
Q

hydrogen reacting with metal oxides. give example.

A

less active.
FeO4 + 4H2 -[heat]-> 3Fe = 4H2O
CuO +H2 -[heat]-> Cu + H2O

24
Q

what is a hydrogen bond?

A

bond created between hydrogen atom and electronegative atom or an electronegative atom with lone pair.

25
Q

what affects boiling and melting point in water?

A

hydrogen bond. due to the intermolecular forces.

26
Q

what role does hydrogen play in the existence of life?

A

close to carbon in electronegativity.

The ability to form hydrogen bonds.

27
Q

Chemical equatuon for preparing hydrogen peroxide.

A

Na2O2 + H2SO4 -> Na2SO4 + H2O2

28
Q

Equation to prepare hydrogen peroxide from barium peroxide

A

BaO2 + 8 H2O + H2SO4 -> BaSO4 + 8 H2O + H2O2

29
Q

What is hydrogen peroxide used for?

A

Bleaching. Rocket fuel. Sold as perhydrol.

30
Q

What are hydrides?

A

Binary compounds of hydrogen.

31
Q

What are ionic hydrides made of?

A

Metal cation and hydride ion.

32
Q

Propeties of ionic hydrides?

A

White solid. Very reactive. Reducing agent.

33
Q

example of hydrides.

A

LiH + H2O2 -> LiOH + H2

CaH2 + N2O -> Ca(OH)2 + H2

34
Q

what are covalent hydrates?

A

non-metal and weakly electropositive metal.

35
Q

properties of covalent hydrides

A

gas at room temperature.

36
Q

what type of intermolecular forces in hydrides?

A

only has London dispersion forces due to its low polarity.

37
Q

example of covalent hydrides.

A

CH4 + 2 O2 -> CO2 + 2 H2O

38
Q

what are metallic hydrides?

A

it’s when hydrogen atoms are found in the interstitial space in metals.

39
Q

properties of metallic hydrides.

A

non-stiometric. less dense. brittle. lower connectivity.

40
Q

give an example of where metallic hydrides are used.

A

battery technology. nickel-metal-hydride cell.

41
Q

what are obstacles in the hydrogen economy?

A

transportation

formation of water.

42
Q

uses of hydrogen

A

reducing agent. hydrogenated vegetable oil. melding rocket fuel.

Inorganic Chemistry (5 decks)

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