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Ultrasound Physics > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of amplitude

A

The maximum variation in acoustic variable

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2
Q

(T/F) Amplitude is not the peak to peak difference, it is the maximum to the average, and the minimum to average difference.

A

True

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3
Q

(T/F) As sound travels, it increases in amplitude

A

False

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4
Q

(T/F) Bioeffects can be altered by the sonographer adjusting gain

A

False, adjusting POWER can alter bioeffects

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5
Q

Definition of Power

A

Rate of energy transference

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6
Q

Definition of Intensity

A

Concentration of power in an area

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7
Q

Equation for Intensity

A

I = P/A

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8
Q

Relationship between intensity and power

A

Directly related

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9
Q

If power increases, intensity..

A

Increases

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10
Q

If area decreases, intensity..

A

Increases

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11
Q

Relationship between intensity and amplitude

A

Intensity is proportional to amplitude squared

Ex. If amplitude is doubled, intensity is multiplied 4x

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12
Q

Relationship between power & amplitude

A

Power is proportional to amplitude squared

Ex. If amplitude is tripled, power is multiplied 9x

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13
Q

Intensities vary in _____ & _____

A

Time & space

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14
Q

Highest intensity attained is called

A

Peak intensity

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15
Q

Second highest intensity attained is the

A

Pulse average intensity

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16
Q

Lowest intensity is the

A

Average intensity

17
Q

Highest intensity in time & space

A

SPTP

18
Q

Lowest intensity in time & space

A

SATA

19
Q

Intensity related to tissue heating (exposure time)

A

SPTA

20
Q

Intensity related to cavitation

A

SPTP

21
Q

Definition of Attenuation

A

The weakening of sound as it travels

22
Q

Definition of Reflection

A

Redirection of sound back into a transducer

23
Q

How is the amount of reflection indicated on the display?

A

Brightness or pixel

24
Q

Definition of Absorption

A

Conversion of sound energy into heat

25
Q

Absorption occurs because

A

Sound is a mechanical wave

26
Q

Definition of Scatter

A

Redirection of sound into all directions

27
Q

Dominant factor in attenuation

A

Absorption

28
Q

Definition of Attenuation Coefficient

A

Amount of attenuation of sound per centimeter of travel

29
Q

Equation for AC

A

AC = f/2

30
Q

Total attenuation is dependent on ____ & ____

A

Frequency & path length

31
Q

2 Equations for Attenuation

A 
A = 1/2 freq. x path length
A = AC x path length
32
Q

Definition of Half Value Layer Thickness

A

Depth in tissue where intensity of sound is half the original value

33
Q

Equation for Half Value Layer Thickness

A

HVL = 3/AC

34
Q

If HVL increases, what happens to frequency?

A

Decreases

Ultrasound Physics (11 decks)

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