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Anatomy > Lecture 4c > Flashcards

Lecture 4c Flashcards

1
Q

Axial Skeleton

A
  • supports and protects the organs
  • 80 bones
  • provide attachment sites for many muscles
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2
Q

The skull

A

contains the cranial and the facial bones

  • cranial bones have 8 bones and have direct contact with the brain
  • facial bones have 14 bones and don’t have contact with the brain
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3
Q

Cranial bones

A 
parietal bone
temporal bone
occipital bone 
frontal bone
sphenoid bone
ethmoid bone
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4
Q

What cranial bones are flat bones ad which are paired?

A

parietal -paired
temporal -paired
occipital
frontal

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5
Q

What cranial bones are irregular bone

A

sphenoid

ethmoid

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6
Q

Sutures

A

immovable, interlocking joints

  • coronal
  • sagittal
  • lambdoid
  • squamous
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7
Q

Coronal suture

A

between the frontal and the parietal bones

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8
Q

Squamous suture

A

between the parietal and temporal bones

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9
Q

Lambdoid suture

A

between the parietal and occipital bones

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10
Q

Sagittal suture

A

between the parietal bones

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11
Q

Supraorbital foramen

A

passage of supraorbital nerve and vessels (anterior view of frontal bone)
-forms the superior portion of orbits
The anterior view of the frontal bone you can see the coronal suture between frontal and parietal bone

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12
Q

Occipital condyle

A

articulates with the vertebrae (where the head of the cranium sits on the vertebral column
-found in the posterior and inferior view of the occipital bone

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13
Q

Foramen magnum

A

passage of the spinal cord

-found in the posterior and inferior view of the occipital bone

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14
Q

Zygomatic process

A

joins the zygomatic bone

-lateral view of the temporal bone

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15
Q

Mastoid process

A

neck muscles attach and can be palpated
(you can feel the large lump behind your ear)
-lateral view of the temporal bone

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16
Q

Styloid process

A

attachment for muscles of tongue and larynx

-lateral view of the temporal bone

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17
Q

External acoustic meatus

A

opening of the auditory (ear) canal

-lateral view of the temporal bone

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18
Q

Mandibular fossa

A

articulates with mandible (jaw)

-lateral view of the temporal bone

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19
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

irregular bone that articulates with all cranial bones (ties all the cranial bones together)
-forms the sphenoidal sinuses

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20
Q

Sella Turcica (Hypophyseal fossa)

A

houses the pituitary glands (chamber)

-sphenoid bone superior view

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21
Q

Ethmoid bone

A

articulates with half of bone in the skull

-contains the crista galli, perpendicular plate and ethmoidal sinuses /air cells

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22
Q

Crista galli

A

helps support and attach the brain

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23
Q

Perpendicular plate

A

forms inner/intermediate architecture of the nose (septum)

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24
Q

Ethmoidal sinuses/air cells

A

open into the nasal cavity, paired sinuses

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25
Q

What does the bones of the face do?

A
  • shape of the face
  • forms part of orbitals and nasal cavities
  • supports the teeth
  • muscle attachment
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26
Q

What are the bones of the face

A 
zygomatic bone
nasal bone
lacrimal bone
maxilla
palatine bone
inferior nasal conchae

vomer
mandible

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27
Q

What bones of the face are paired

A 
zygomatic bone
nasal bone
lacrimal bone
maxilla
palatine bone
inferior nasal conchae
28
Q

What bones of the face are unpaired

A

vomer

mandible (jaw)

29
Q

Mandible

A

-lower jaw
-unpaired and comprised of the body and the ramus
contains:
condylar process
coronoid process
alveolar process

30
Q

condylar process

A

mandibular fossa (of temporal bone), forms TMJ

31
Q

Coronoid process

A

temporalis muscles attachment =allows jaw to open and close

32
Q

Alveolar process

A

contains sockets for teeth (houses the lower teeth)

33
Q

Maxilla

A

2 paired bones that are fused together-comprised of the upper jaw
contains:
alveolar process
palatine process

34
Q

Alveolar process (maxilla)

A

houses the upper teeth

35
Q

Palatine process

A

most of the hard palate (anterior)

36
Q

Maxilla sinus

A

paired, large cavity from orbits to alveolar processes

37
Q

Zygomatic bone

A

-cheekbone
-paired and forms part of orbits
contains:
maxillary process
frontal process
temporal process

38
Q

Maxillary process

A

articulates with the maxilla

-part of the zygomatic bone

39
Q

Frontal process

A

articulates with the frontal bone

-part of the zygomatic bone

40
Q

Temporal process

A

articulates with the zygomatic process of temporal bone

-part of zygomatic bone

41
Q

Vomer bone

A
  • unpaired
  • triangular shape
  • helps form inferior nasal septum
42
Q

Palatine bone

A

-paired and is an “L” shaped bone
contains:
horizontal plate
vertical (perpendicular) plate

43
Q

Horizontal plate

A

from posterior hard palate

44
Q

Vertical (perpendicular) plate of Palatine bone

A

forms nasal cavity

posterior and lateral of nasal cavity

45
Q

Lacrimal bone

A
  • paired and anterior
  • forms medial walls of orbits
  • groove (lacrimal fossa) > tear drainage into nasal cavity
46
Q

Nasal bone

A
  • paired, anterior
  • bones and hyaline cartilage
  • forms part of the nasal cavity
47
Q

Inferior nasal conchae

A

-paired
-form part of lateral nasal cavity wall
-air passes through conchae with high surface area
- allows for heating, humidification and filtering of inhaled air
increases the amount of air to pass through body

48
Q

What are the four paired sinuses

A

maxillary (largest)
sphenoid
ethmoid
frontal

49
Q

The paranasal sinuses are air-filled spaces in the skull around the nasal cavity for:

A
  • mucous production
  • lightens skull
  • resonant chambers for sound production while speaking
50
Q

Hyoid bone

A
  • located between the mandible and larynx
  • does not articulate with another bone
  • ligament connects it with the styloid process of temporal bone
51
Q

List the vertebral column, how many bones are in each section and where they are located

A

cervical- 7 bones (form neck)
thoracic- 12 bones (form the superior portion of the back)
lumbar - 5 bones (inferior region of back)
sacrum- 5 fused vertebrae
coccyx - 4 fused vertebrae

52
Q

What forms the vertebral foramen

A

the vertebral arch and the vertebral body (passage of the spinal cord)

53
Q

Spinous process

A

projects posteriorly

54
Q

Transverse process

A

-lateral projection

55
Q

Articular processes and facet

A

-articulates with other vertebrae (superior and inferior)

56
Q

Atlas C1

A

-deep superior articular facets
-articulates with the occipital condyles of the occipital bone
-does not have a body or spinous process
nod yes

57
Q

Axis C2 “dens”

A

dens=superior projection
the missing body of atlas- cradles the anterior arch of atlas
nod no

58
Q

atlantoaxial joint

A

Dens C2 allows for the rotation of the skull due to the transverse ligaments

59
Q

Sacrum

A

-5 vertebrae
-fuse between 20-30years
Alas: “wings” on each side that articulates with the os coxae along the auricular surface
Sacral promontory: the anteriorsuperior edge of the first vertebrae (near the body’s centre of gravity)

60
Q

Coccyx

A
  • fusion of 4 vertebrae
  • common: tail bone
  • attachment site for ligaments and muscles
61
Q

Thoracic Cage

A
  • bony frame around the chest composed of the:
    1. thoracic vertebrae
    2. sternum
    3. ribs
    4. costal cartilage
  • protects the lungs, heart, trachea, esophagus and other thoracic organs
62
Q

Sternum

A
  • common: breastbone
  • anterior midline
  • contains 3 components:
    1. marubrium
    2. body
    3. xiphoid process
63
Q

The ribs

A 
12 pairs (flat bone)
articulates posteriorly with the thoracic vertebrae
64
Q

True ribs

A

ribs 1-7
articulates anteriorly with the sternum via costa cartilage
vertebrosternal ribs

65
Q

False ribs

A

ribs 8-12
their costal cartilage does not attach with the sternum
vertebrochondral ribs

66
Q

Floating ribs

A

false ribs (paired 11-12) does not attach to the sternum

67
Q

Rib anatomy and articulation with the thoracic vertebrae

A

Angle: curving towards the sternum

  • articular facet of the head for the thoracic vertebrae
  • articular facet of the tubercle for the transverse process

Anatomy (3 decks)

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