Lecture 4b Flashcards
Girdles
-bones that attach to theses limbs to axial skeleton
-allows for movement
pelvic girdle and the pectoral girdle
Articulate
-form a joint
Pectoral girdle
- comprised of the clavicle and the scapula
- allows for high degree of movement
Clavicle
- collar bone
- āSā shaped long bone
- contains an acromial and sternal end
Acromial end
articulates wit the acromion of scapula
Sternal end
articulates with the sternum
Scapula
-shoulder blade
-broad triangular shape
Posterior: spine
Posterior and lateral: acromion
Anterior: coracoid process (acromion and coracoid process extends over the shoulder blade
Glenoid cavity: articulates with the proximal head of the humerus
Upper limbs
Humerus-brachium Radius and ulna- antebrachium 8 carpal 5 metacarpal 14 phalanges
Humerus Proximal features
Head- articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula
Anatomical and surgical necks
Greater and less tubercles-site of rotator cuff muscles
Intertubercle sulcus-passage for bicep brachii and ligament and tendon attachment
Humerus intermediate features
- shaft
- deltoid tuberosity= site of deltoid attachment (to move your arm)
Humerus Distal features
medial and lateral epicondyle
capitulum-articulates with the radius (CAR)
trochlea-articulates with the ulna (TAU)
Humerus Distal fossae
Radial fossa: lateral depression and accommodates for the head of radius (anterior)
Coronoid fossa: medial depression and accommodates the coronoid process of the ulna (anterior)
Olecranon fossa: largest fossa and accommodates the olecranon process (posterior)
Antebrachium
anatomical position: radius-lateral ulna-medial -connected by the interosseus membrane -radio-ulnar joint= movement
Radius proximal features
Head: articulates with the capitulum of the humerus (CAR)
Radial tuberosity: attachment of bicep brachii
Radial distal features
Radial styloid process- lateral wrist bump
Ulnar notch- medial dent for the head of the ulna
Ulna proximal features
Trochlear notch: for the trochlea of humerus
Olecranon: elbow bump, attachment of tricep brachii and articulates with the olecranon fossa
Coronoid process: inferior lip of the trochlear notch and articulates with the coronoid process
Radial notch: lateral and accommodates with the head of the radius
Ulna distal features
ulnar styloid process: posteromedial wrist bump
Head: knoblike end
Bones of the hand
8 carpal
5 metalcarpal
14 phalanges
Lower appendicular skeleton
consists of the pelvic girdle and the lower limbs
-important for movement
Pelvis
- contains a right os coxae and a left os coxae
- sacrum
- os coxae
- coccyx
Os Coxae
- āhip boneā
- contains 3 bones
1. ilium
2. pubis
3. ischium - fuse together during puberty
Os Coxae articulations
Sacroiliac joint: posterior articulation with the sacrum
Acetabulum: lateral articulation with the femur
Pubic Symphysis: anterior articulation of the other os coxae
Illium features
- largest and superior to os coxae
1. iliac crest
2. gluteal lines
3. iliac spine
4. auricular surface
Iliac crest
along the superior border
Gluteal lines
- anterior, inferior and posterior
- site of gluteal muscle attachment
Iliac Spines
Posterior superior Posterior inferior Anterior superior Anterior inferior site of muscles from trunk, thighs and hips
Auricular surface
medial articulation with sacrum
Ischial tuberosity
- located posteriorly inferiorly
- supports body weight when seated
- origin for deep muscles and hamstrings
Pubis Features
- makes up theanterior and inferior region of the os coxae
- two pubis regions articulate with the other os coxae
Difference between male and female pelves
Female= shaped like a bowl, ilia is flared out, bones are lighter, thinner and smoother
Male=shaped like a funnel, more narrow, larger and bones are heavier, thicker and the markings are more prominent
Femur
- considered the thigh
- longest, strongest and heaviest bone in the body
Femur proximal features
head neck fovea capitis greater and lesser tubercle intertubercle line intertubercle crest gluteal tuberosity linea aspera
fovea capitis
ligament secures to os coxae
Greater and lesser tubercle
massive process for the attachment of powerful hip and thing muscles
Intertrochanteric line
anteriorly between the trochanters marking the distal edges of the hip capsule (anterior)
Intertrochanteric crest
posterior (more prominent)
Gluteal tuberosity
posterior rough region for the attachment of the gluteus maximus muscle
Linea aspera
ridge on the posterior shaft for the attachment for many thigh muscles
Femur distal features
medial condyle
medial epicondyle
intercondylar fossa
patellar surface
Medial and lateral condyle
- posterior
- smooth and rounded articular surface
- articulates with the tibia
Media and lateral epicondyle
- superior to the condyles
- muscle and ligament attachment
Intercondylar fossa
between the condyles
Patellar surface
when the patella articulates withe the femur
Patella
- kneecp
- triangular, broad superior border and inferiorly pointed apex
- articulates with the patellar surface of femur
- helps with movement, to walk
Tibia and fibula
-two bones that make up the crural region are the tibia and fibula (parallel to eachother)
-connected by interosseus membrane
superior and inferior tibio-fibular joint=no movement
Tibia proximal features
common: shin bone
- medial bone
- weight bearing bone
medial and lateral condyles of tibia
tibial tuberosity
anterior tibial border
fibular articular facet
Medial and lateral condyle of the tibia
rough anterior projection inferior to condyles
attachment site of patellar ligaments
Anterior tibial border
ridge extending from tuberosity distally
common=shin
Fibular articular facet
articulation site for the head of fibula under the lateral condyles
Tibia distal features
medial malleolus
inferior articulation surface
medial malleolus
most distal prominent medial process
common= medial bump on ankle
Inferior articulation surface (tibia)
where the tibia articulates with the talus (tarsal)
Fibula Proximal features
- does not bear weight
- site of origin of muscles
- proximal head with flat auricular facet for the articulation of the tibia (superior inferior tibio-fibular joint)
- narrow neck
Fibula Distal features
-shaft
-distal end expands into lateral malleolus=provides lateral stability to anke
common- lateral ankle bump
Bone of the foot
7 tarsal bones
5 metatarsal
14 phalanges
