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Anatomy > Lecture 4b > Flashcards

Lecture 4b Flashcards

1
Q

Girdles

A

-bones that attach to theses limbs to axial skeleton
-allows for movement
pelvic girdle and the pectoral girdle

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2
Q

Articulate

A

-form a joint

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3
Q

Pectoral girdle

A
  • comprised of the clavicle and the scapula

- allows for high degree of movement

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4
Q

Clavicle

A
  • collar bone
  • ā€œSā€ shaped long bone
  • contains an acromial and sternal end
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5
Q

Acromial end

A

articulates wit the acromion of scapula

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6
Q

Sternal end

A

articulates with the sternum

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7
Q

Scapula

A

-shoulder blade
-broad triangular shape
Posterior: spine
Posterior and lateral: acromion
Anterior: coracoid process (acromion and coracoid process extends over the shoulder blade
Glenoid cavity: articulates with the proximal head of the humerus

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8
Q

Upper limbs

A 
Humerus-brachium
Radius and ulna- antebrachium
8 carpal 
5 metacarpal
14 phalanges
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9
Q

Humerus Proximal features

A

Head- articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula
Anatomical and surgical necks
Greater and less tubercles-site of rotator cuff muscles
Intertubercle sulcus-passage for bicep brachii and ligament and tendon attachment

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10
Q

Humerus intermediate features

A
  • shaft

- deltoid tuberosity= site of deltoid attachment (to move your arm)

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11
Q

Humerus Distal features

A

medial and lateral epicondyle
capitulum-articulates with the radius (CAR)
trochlea-articulates with the ulna (TAU)

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12
Q

Humerus Distal fossae

A

Radial fossa: lateral depression and accommodates for the head of radius (anterior)
Coronoid fossa: medial depression and accommodates the coronoid process of the ulna (anterior)
Olecranon fossa: largest fossa and accommodates the olecranon process (posterior)

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13
Q

Antebrachium

A 
anatomical position:
radius-lateral
ulna-medial
-connected by the interosseus membrane 
-radio-ulnar joint= movement
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14
Q

Radius proximal features

A

Head: articulates with the capitulum of the humerus (CAR)

Radial tuberosity: attachment of bicep brachii

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15
Q

Radial distal features

A

Radial styloid process- lateral wrist bump

Ulnar notch- medial dent for the head of the ulna

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16
Q

Ulna proximal features

A

Trochlear notch: for the trochlea of humerus
Olecranon: elbow bump, attachment of tricep brachii and articulates with the olecranon fossa
Coronoid process: inferior lip of the trochlear notch and articulates with the coronoid process
Radial notch: lateral and accommodates with the head of the radius

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17
Q

Ulna distal features

A

ulnar styloid process: posteromedial wrist bump

Head: knoblike end

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18
Q

Bones of the hand

A

8 carpal
5 metalcarpal
14 phalanges

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19
Q

Lower appendicular skeleton

A

consists of the pelvic girdle and the lower limbs

-important for movement

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20
Q

Pelvis

A
  • contains a right os coxae and a left os coxae
  • sacrum
  • os coxae
  • coccyx
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21
Q

Os Coxae

A
  • ā€œhip boneā€
  • contains 3 bones
    1. ilium
    2. pubis
    3. ischium
  • fuse together during puberty
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22
Q

Os Coxae articulations

A

Sacroiliac joint: posterior articulation with the sacrum
Acetabulum: lateral articulation with the femur
Pubic Symphysis: anterior articulation of the other os coxae

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23
Q

Illium features

A
  • largest and superior to os coxae
    1. iliac crest
    2. gluteal lines
    3. iliac spine
    4. auricular surface
24
Q

Iliac crest

A

along the superior border

25
Q

Gluteal lines

A
  • anterior, inferior and posterior

- site of gluteal muscle attachment

26
Q

Iliac Spines

A 
Posterior superior
Posterior inferior
Anterior superior
Anterior inferior 
site of muscles from trunk, thighs and hips
27
Q

Auricular surface

A

medial articulation with sacrum

28
Q

Ischial tuberosity

A
  • located posteriorly inferiorly
  • supports body weight when seated
  • origin for deep muscles and hamstrings
29
Q

Pubis Features

A
  • makes up theanterior and inferior region of the os coxae

- two pubis regions articulate with the other os coxae

30
Q

Difference between male and female pelves

A

Female= shaped like a bowl, ilia is flared out, bones are lighter, thinner and smoother
Male=shaped like a funnel, more narrow, larger and bones are heavier, thicker and the markings are more prominent

31
Q

Femur

A
  • considered the thigh

- longest, strongest and heaviest bone in the body

32
Q

Femur proximal features

A 
head
neck
fovea capitis
greater and lesser tubercle
intertubercle line
intertubercle crest 
gluteal tuberosity 
linea aspera
33
Q

fovea capitis

A

ligament secures to os coxae

34
Q

Greater and lesser tubercle

A

massive process for the attachment of powerful hip and thing muscles

35
Q

Intertrochanteric line

A

anteriorly between the trochanters marking the distal edges of the hip capsule (anterior)

36
Q

Intertrochanteric crest

A

posterior (more prominent)

37
Q

Gluteal tuberosity

A

posterior rough region for the attachment of the gluteus maximus muscle

38
Q

Linea aspera

A

ridge on the posterior shaft for the attachment for many thigh muscles

39
Q

Femur distal features

A

medial condyle
medial epicondyle
intercondylar fossa
patellar surface

40
Q

Medial and lateral condyle

A
  • posterior
  • smooth and rounded articular surface
  • articulates with the tibia
41
Q

Media and lateral epicondyle

A
  • superior to the condyles

- muscle and ligament attachment

42
Q

Intercondylar fossa

A

between the condyles

43
Q

Patellar surface

A

when the patella articulates withe the femur

44
Q

Patella

A
  • kneecp
  • triangular, broad superior border and inferiorly pointed apex
  • articulates with the patellar surface of femur
  • helps with movement, to walk
45
Q

Tibia and fibula

A

-two bones that make up the crural region are the tibia and fibula (parallel to eachother)
-connected by interosseus membrane
superior and inferior tibio-fibular joint=no movement

46
Q

Tibia proximal features

A

common: shin bone
- medial bone
- weight bearing bone

medial and lateral condyles of tibia
tibial tuberosity
anterior tibial border
fibular articular facet

47
Q

Medial and lateral condyle of the tibia

A

rough anterior projection inferior to condyles

attachment site of patellar ligaments

48
Q

Anterior tibial border

A

ridge extending from tuberosity distally

common=shin

49
Q

Fibular articular facet

A

articulation site for the head of fibula under the lateral condyles

50
Q

Tibia distal features

A

medial malleolus

inferior articulation surface

51
Q

medial malleolus

A

most distal prominent medial process

common= medial bump on ankle

52
Q

Inferior articulation surface (tibia)

A

where the tibia articulates with the talus (tarsal)

53
Q

Fibula Proximal features

A
  • does not bear weight
  • site of origin of muscles
  • proximal head with flat auricular facet for the articulation of the tibia (superior inferior tibio-fibular joint)
  • narrow neck
54
Q

Fibula Distal features

A

-shaft
-distal end expands into lateral malleolus=provides lateral stability to anke
common- lateral ankle bump

55
Q

Bone of the foot

A

7 tarsal bones
5 metatarsal
14 phalanges

Anatomy (3 decks)

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