Lecture 48 - Foot Joints

Question 1

Arches of the foot:

Answer 1

• Formed by the tarsal and the metatarsal bones of the foot
• Add to weight bearing, resilience, shock absorption and propelling of the lower limb during walking
• Consist of the longitudinal and transverse arches

Question 2

Medial longitudinal arch

Answer 2

• Higher and more important than the lateral longitudinal arch
• Consists of the calcaneus, talus , navicular, three cuneiforms and the three medial metatarsals
• ***The arch is supported by the spring (calcaneonavicular) ligament and the plantar aponeurosis

Question 3

Lateral longitudinal arch

Answer 3

• Flatter than the medial arch
• During standing it rests on the ground
• Consists of the calcaneus, cuboid and the lateral two metatarsals
• ***The arch is supported by the long plantar ligament, short plantar ligament and the plantar aponeurosis

Question 4

Transverse arch

Answer 4

• Runs from side to side

* Formed by the cuboid, three cuneiforms and bases of all metatarsals (THAT WEDGE SHAPE TO THE 3 CUNIFORMS)

Question 5

Ankle (talocrural) joint - bones involved:

Answer 5

• Trochlea of talus
• Tibia
• Fibula

Question 6

Ankle (talocrural) joint - joint type?

Answer 6

ginglymus or hinge type of synovial joint

Question 7

Ankle (talocrural) joint - ligaments:

Answer 7

• Articular capsule
-Surrounds the joint cavity
-Thin anteriorly and posteriorly
-strong medially and laterally where it is strengthened by the following ligaments:
• Deltoid ligament
-Located on the medial side of the joint with 4 distinct bands
-Very strong triangular band of ligaments
• Lateral ligament:
-Three distinct bands
-Located on the lateral side of the ankle joint
-Weaker than the deltoid lig.

Question 8

Ankle (talocrural) joint - Actions of the ankle joint

Answer 8

1) Dorsiflexion
- range up to 35 degrees
- Joint is very stable when dorsiflexed
2) Plantar flexion
- range up to 55 degrees
- Ankle joint is unstable when plantar flexed

Question 9

Subtalar Joint (Talocalcaneal)

Answer 9

• Plane type of synovial joint
• Talus rests on the calcaneus
• permits inversion and eversion

Question 10

Tarsometatarsal Joints

Answer 10

• Plane type of synovial joint

* Four anterior tarsal bones with the bases of the metatarsals

Question 11

Intermetatarsal Joints

Answer 11

• Plane type of synovial joint
• Permits slight gliding movements
• Articulation between the bases of the metatarsals

Question 12

Metatarsal phalangeal (MP) Joints

Answer 12

• Condyloid type of synovial joints - movement in more than one axis
• Permits flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and rotation
• Articulation between the heads of the metatarsals and the bases of the proximal phalanges

Question 13

Interphalangeal (IP) Joints

Answer 13

• Hinge type of synovial joint

- Permits flexion and extension

Question 14

Potts fracture details:

Answer 14

• When foot forcefully everted
• it often results in fracture of the medial and lateral malleoli, and fibula (bc the ligaments are so strong the bones will break before the ligaments)

Question 15

Ankle sprains

Answer 15

• Ankle joint is the most frequently injured major joint
• Ankle sprains occur usually because of torn or damaged ligaments
• usually an inversion injury - causing damage to the lateral ligaments**
• stable in dorsiflex
• unstable in plantar flex = the

Question 16

plantar flexion is what movemnt?

Answer 16

TOES TO GROUND

Question 17

deltoid ligamanet parts

Answer 17

anterior tibiotalar
posterior tibiotalar
tibionavicular
tibiocalcaneal

Question 18

lateral ligament parts

Answer 18

anterior talofibular
posterior talofubular
calcaneofibular