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Anatomy I Test 5 > Lecture 45 - Thigh > Flashcards

Lecture 45 - Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Lower limb is specialized for

A

locomotion and weight bearing

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2
Q

4 parts of lower limb:

A

Gluteal region
Thigh
Leg
Foot

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3
Q

femur facts

A

• Femur is directed inferomedially
• Longest and heaviest bone
• about ¼ of a persons height
• Consist of a proximal and a distal epiphysis, a neck and a shaft
• Proximal epiphysis
Head - projects superomedially and slightly anteriorly
• Articulates with the acetabulum
• Head connected to the shaft through the neck at about 126 degree angle - angle of inclination
•Angle widest at birth (140 degrees) and diminishes with age (narrowest in old age - 110 degrees).
• Angle less in females than males because females have wider hips
•Other features:
Greater and lesser trochanters
Intertrochanteric line anteriorly
intertrochanteric crest posteriorly
linea aspera
Medial and lateral epicondyles
Medial and lateral condyles
Intercondylar fossa
Popliteal surface

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4
Q

superficial fascia of thigh

A

• Lies deep to the skin
• Continuous with the abdominal fascia
• In the thigh contains considerable amount of fat
-Nerves in this area: Subcostal (T12); Iliohypogastric (L1); ilioinguinal (L1); genitofemoral (L1-L2); lateralfemoral cutaneous (L2-L3); femoral (L2-L4); Lumbosacral trunk (L4-L5); Obturator (L2-L4); Accessory Obturator (L3-L4)

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5
Q

Subcostal levels

A

(T12);

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6
Q

Iliohypogastric levels

A

(L1);

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7
Q

ilioinguinal levels

A

(L1);

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8
Q

genitofemoral levels

A

-(L1-L2);

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9
Q

lateralfemoral cutaneous levels

A

(L2-L3);

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10
Q

femoral levels

A

(L2-L4);

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11
Q

Lumbosacral trunk levels

A

(L4-L5);

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12
Q

Obturator levels

A

(L2-L4);

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13
Q

Accessory Obturator levels

A

(L3-L4)

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14
Q

Genital branches of the genitofemoral and ilioinguinal nerves supply?

A

-cutaneous nerves
• emerge from the superficial ring to supply the proximal medial thigh
• Most of the branches go to the genital region

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15
Q

Femoral branch of genitofemoral

A

-cutaneous nerves

• Supplies the skin over the femoral triangle (proximal part of the anterior thigh)

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16
Q

Medial cutaneous branch of femoral

A

-cutaneous nerves

• Supplies the skin of the medial thigh

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17
Q

Intermediate cutaneous branch of femoral

A

-cutaneous nerves

• Supplies the skin of the distal anterior thigh

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18
Q

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

A

-cutaneous nerves
L2-L3
• Enters the thigh medial to ASIS
• Supplies the lateral thigh, lateral to the intermediate cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve

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19
Q

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

A

-cutaneous nerves
-S1-S3
• Supplies the posterior thigh and popliteal region
• Originates from the sacral plexus
• Courses inferiorly into the thigh from the gluteal region

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20
Q

Superficial vessels are where?

A

Lie in the superficial fascia, immediately below the skin

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21
Q

Superficial epigastric a

A
  • from proximal part of femoral a

- Proceeds superiorly to provide the skin over the lower abdominal wall

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22
Q

Superficial circumflex iliac a

A
  • from proximal part of femoral a
  • Proceeds laterally inferior to the inguinal ligament
  • Parallels the course of the deep circumflex iliac a
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23
Q

Superficial external pudendal a

A

-from proximal part of femoral a

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24
Q

Deep external pudendal a

A

-from proximal part of femoral a

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25
Q

Great saphenous v

A
  • Begins in the foot and ascends to its termination at the proximal part of the thigh
  • Located in the superficial fascia
  • Has valves; more numerous in the leg
  • Enters the thigh by passing posterior to the medial condyle of the femur
  • Traverses the saphenous opening in the fascia lata to empty into the femoral vein
  • Receives numerous tributaries in the thigh and the leg
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26
Q

Deep fascia (Fascia lata) function and what is it?

A
  • Prevents bulging of muscles
  • A dense layer of connective tissue between the muscles of the thigh and the superficial fascia
  • It is very strong along the anterior and lateral parts of the thigh
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27
Q

Iliotibial tract (band) is made from what?

A

thickening of the deep fascia (Fascia lata)

28
Q

Fascia lata attachments

A

SUPERIORLY: • Inguinal ligament • Parts of the hip bone (Pubic bone, iliac crest, Ischial tuberosity) • Sacrum and coccyx • Scarpa’s fascia and the sacrotuberous ligament
INFERIORLY: knee joint it is continuous with the crural fascia

29
Q

what divides the thigh into compartments?

A 
Deep fascia (Facia lata)
-lateral, medial, posterior intermuscular septa
-all attach commn point at the linea aspera
(ant medial post compartments)
30
Q

Anterior compartment muscles

A
  • Flexors of the hip and extensors of the knee
  • Nerve of the compartment=Femoral Nerve
    1. Sartorius m
    2. rectus femoris m
    3. vastus lateralis m
    4. vastus medialis m
    5. vastus intermedius m
    6. articularis genu m
    7. psoas major m
    8. iliacus m
    9. tensor fascia latae m
31
Q

Sartorius m

A
  • Anterior compartment muscle
  • ASIS –> medial side of tibia
  • Supplied by femoral n
  • crosses hip and knee joints (actions on those joint)
32
Q

rectus femoris m

A
  • Anterior compartment muscle
  • Quadriceps femoris
  • Anterior inferior iliac spine - tendon attaches to patella and patellar ligament goes from patella to tibial tuberosity
  • Supplied by femoral n
33
Q

vastus lateralis m

A
  • Anterior compartment muscle
  • Quadriceps femoris
  • linea aspera - tendon attaches to patella and patellar ligament goes from patella to tibial tuberosity
  • Supplied by femoral n
34
Q

vastus intermedius m

A
  • Anterior compartment muscle
  • Quadriceps femoris
  • body of femur - tendon attaches to patella and patellar ligament goes from patella to tibial tuberosity
  • Supplied by femoral n
35
Q

articularis genu m

A
  • Anterior compartment muscle
  • Anterior part of the femur – synovial membrane of knee
  • not much function with this guy –> pulls up on synovial membrane so it doesnt get caught up in knee actions
  • Supplied by femoral n
36
Q

psoas major m

A
  • Anterior compartment muscle
  • iliopsoas
  • Lumbar vertebrae – Lesser trochanter of femur
  • Supplied by femoral n
37
Q

liacus m

A
  • Anterior compartment muscle
  • iliopsoas
  • Iliac crest and fossa – Leser trochanter of femur
  • Supplied by femoral n
38
Q

tensor fascia latae m

A

-Anterior compartment muscle
-Anterior superior iliac spine – iliotibial
tract
-Supplied by femoral n

39
Q

vastus medialis m

A
  • Anterior compartment muscle
  • Quadriceps femoris
  • linea aspera - tendon attaches to patella and patellar ligament goes from patella to tibial tuberosity
  • Supplied by femoral n
40
Q

Medial Compartment muscles

A
  • Adductor group
  • Nerve of the compartment=Obturator nerve
    1. pectineus m
    2. adductor longus m
    3. adductor brevis m
    4. adductor magnus m (adductor parts & hamstring part)
    5. gracilis m
    6. obturator externus m
41
Q

obturator externus m

A
  • Medial Compartment muscle
  • Margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane – Trochanteric fossa of femur
  • innervated by obturator n
42
Q

gracilis m

A
  • Medial Compartment muscle
  • inferior ramus of pubis – superior part of medial surface of tibia
  • innervated by obturator n
43
Q

adductor magnus m

A
  • Medial Compartment muscle
    1. Adductor part:
  • Ischiopubic ramus – linea aspera
  • supplied by obturator nerve
    2. Hamstring part:
  • Ischial tuberosity – adductor tubercle of femur
  • supplied by Tibial nerve
44
Q

adductor brevis m

A
  • Medial Compartment muscle
  • inferior ramus of pubic bone – linea aspera
  • innervated by obturator n
45
Q

adductor longus m

A
  • Medial Compartment muscle
  • body of pubic bone – linea aspera
  • innervated by obturator n
46
Q

pectineus m

A
  • Medial Compartment muscle
  • Superior ramus of pubis – pectineal line of femur
  • *-Innervated by femoral and obturator nerves**
47
Q

Posterior compartment muscles

A
  • Hamstring muscles (except the short head of biceps femoris)
  • Act on two joints – extend hip and flex knee
  • Originate from Ischial Tuberosity
  • Nerve of compartment - Tibial nerve
    1. biceps femoris m (long and short head)
    2. semitendinosus m
    3. semimembranosus m
48
Q

biceps femoris m

A
  • Posterior compartment muscle
    1. Long head:
  • Ischial tuberosity – Fibular head
  • Innervated by tibial nerve
    2. Short head:
  • Linea aspera – Fibular head
  • nnervated by the common peroneal nerve
49
Q

semitendinosus m

A
  • Posterior compartment muscle

- Ischial tuberosity – Medial surface of upper tibia

50
Q

semimembranosus m

A
  • Posterior compartment muscle

- Ischial tuberosity – medial tibial condyle

51
Q

Femoral Triangle boundaries:

A
  • Superior - inguinal ligament
  • Medial - medial border of adductor longs
  • Lateral - medial border of sartorial
  • Base – inguinal ligament
  • Apex - where the sartorius crosses the adductor longs
  • Roof - fascia lata
  • Floor - iliopsoas and pectineus muscles
52
Q

Femoral Triangle contents

A
  • femoral artery and branches
  • femoral vein and branches
  • femoral nerve and branches
  • lymphatic vessels and nodes
  • Femoral sheath -Funnel-shaped fascial tube; 3 compartments: Lateral; Intermediate; Medial – femoral canal
53
Q

Adductor canal (Subsartorial, Hunter’s canal)

A
  • About 15 cm long

* Extend from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus in the adductor magnus muscle

54
Q

Adductor canal -boundaries and contents:

A

a. Boundaries
• Anteromedial - sartorius
• Lateral - vastus medialis
• Posterior - adductor longus and magnus
b. Contents
• femoral artery (lateral side) and vein (medial side)
• Saphenous nerve (femoral branch - sensory)
• Nerve to vastus medialis (branch of femoral - motor)

55
Q

Femoral nerve

A
  • (L2, L3, L4)
  • The largest branch of the lumbar plexus
  • Travels deep to the inguinal ligament to enter the femoral triangle
  • Unlike the femoral artery and vein it is not enclosed by the femoral sheath
  • Lies lateral to the femoral artery
  • Breaks up into sensory and motor branches while still in the triangle
56
Q

femoral Sensory branches

A
  • Medial femoral cutaneous nerve
  • Intermediate femoral cutaneous nerve
  • Saphenous nerve: Travels through the adductor canal; It leaves the canal at its lower end to innervate the skin of the leg and foot
57
Q

femoral Motor branches to muscles:

A
  • Sartorius
  • Quadriceps femoris
  • Articularis genu
  • Pectineus - This muscle also gets a branch from the obturator nerve
58
Q

Obturator nerve

A
  • Divides into an anterior and a posterior division in the obturator foramen
    1. Anterior division
  • Located between adductor longus and brevis
  • Supplies adductor longus, gracilis, adductor brevis and part of pectineus
    2. Posterior division
  • Located between adductor brevis and magnus
  • Supplies obturator externus, adductor brevis and adductor magnus
59
Q

Femoral a

A
  • Continuation of the external iliac artery
  • Enters the thigh by passing below the inguinal ligament, lateral to the femoral vein
  • gives of the profunda (or deep) femoral a (largest branch)–> branches into lateral and medial femoral circumlfex= these anastamose
  • goes through adductor canal
  • last branch before crossing the knee is the descending genicular (genicular=knee)
  • goes through adductor hiatus and ends up behind the knee joint
60
Q

nerve that sometimes passes through the piriformis muscle:

A

common peroneal?

61
Q

the plexeses are all from the

A

ventral rami

62
Q

sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus form the:

A

s insirinus???? SP!! – looks like a birds foot or something weird like that

63
Q

transversalis fascia of abdomen forms sheeth around

A
  • femoral artery and vein and femoral canal (sometimes has lymphatics)
  • NOT THE NERVE
64
Q

adductor brevis muscle has what nerve passing anteriorly and posteriorly?

A

the obturator nerve splits to pass ant and posteriorly

65
Q

profunda femoral a branches

A
  • later and medial femoral circumflex–> anastamose together
  • ascending descending (ends in the knee joint) and transverse branches
  • 4 perforating branches = supply BACK of the thing
66
Q

what artery supplies the back of the thigh?

A

-4 perforating branches = supply BACK of the thing

Anatomy I Test 5 (6 decks)

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