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Anatomy I Test 5 > Lecture 46 - Leg anatomy > Flashcards

Lecture 46 - Leg anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

tibia function and landmarks:

A
  • Weightbearing bone
    1. Condyles (medial and lateral)
    2. Soleal line
    3. Intercondylar eminence
    4. Medial malleolus
    5. Tibial tuberosity
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2
Q

fibula function and landmarks

A
  • A slender lateral bone of the leg for muscle attachments
    1. Head
    2. Neck
    3. Lateral malleolus
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3
Q

connects tibia and fibula

A

interosseous membrane

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4
Q

Saphenous Nerve - nerve level and supplies:

A
  • L3 & L4

- Supplies skin on the medial side of the leg

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5
Q

Sural Nerves - from where and what are its branches?

A

-branches of tibial and common peroneal nerves
-Branches:
medial sural cutaneous n - runs b/w 2 heads of gastrocnemius
lateral sural cutaneous n - lateral part of leg
sural communicating n -
sural nerve

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6
Q

medial sural cutaneous n - branch of?

A

branch of tibial nerve

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7
Q

lateral sural cutaneous n - is a branch of?

A

branch of common peroneal nerve

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8
Q

sural communicating n - is a branch of and joins what nerve?

A
  • A branch of the lateral sural cutaneous

- Joins with the medial sural cutaneous (becomes the sural n)

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9
Q

sural nerve - formed by what?

A

-Formed by the junction of the medial sural and the communicating sural cutaneous nerves

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10
Q

Superficial peroneal nerve - is a branch of what, goes through where and supplies what?

A
  • branch of common peroneal
  • Courses through lateral compartment
  • Supplies skin of anterolateral leg and dorsum of foot
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11
Q

Superficial veins

A 
• Great Saphenous:
-Begins at the foot
-Ascends along the medial side of the leg
-Drains into the femoral vein
-Contains 10-12 valves (more in the leg)
• Small Saphenous 
-Begins at the lateral side of the foot
-Ascends along the posterior medial leg
-Drains into the popliteal vein posterior to the knee joint
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12
Q

Crural Fascia - what is it and what are its parts?

A
  • Deep fascia of the leg
  • Continuation of the fascia lata inferior to the kneepu
  • Attached to the anterior and medial borders of tibia (does not go bw the tibia and the skin of leg)
  • Gives rise to the following septa and retinacula
  • Parts:•Anterior intermuscular(crural) septum; •Posterior intermuscular (crural) septum; •Transverse intermuscular (crural) septum; •Superior extensor retinaculum (thickening of deep fascia); • Inferior extensor retinaculum; • Flexor retinaculum
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13
Q

Compartments of the leg and what forms these compartments

A
  • ant, lateral, post
  • Formed by the: 1) intermuscular septa attached to the fibula 2) the interosseous membrane extending from the fibula to the tibia
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14
Q

Anterior Compartment - muscles, nerve, arteries

A

-Dorsiflexor (extensor-toes up) compartment
-Located anterior to Interosseous membrane (IO), between the anterior intermuscular septum and tibia
-Muscles pass anterior to the ankle joint
1. MUSCLES: dorsiflexors of the ankle and extensors of the toes
-Tibialis Anterior: Tibia and IO membrane – med. cuneiform and 1st Met; Tibialis anterior strain; Shin splints; Strongest dorsiflexor
-Extensor Hallucis Longus: Fibula and IO membrane – distal phalanx 1st toe; Deepest muscle in the anterior comp.
-Extensor Digitorum Longus: Tibia, fibula and IO membrane – middle and distal phalanges toe 2-5
-Peroneus Tertius: Fibula and IO membrane – 5th metatarsal base
2. NERVE- Deep peroneal nerve (ranch of common peroneal)
3. ARTERIES
-Anterior Tibial artery: A branch of the popliteal a; Enters the anterior compartment by passing through the superior part of the interosseous membrane; Gives rise to the following branches in the leg:
• Tibial recurrent
• Anterior medial malleolar
• Anterior lateral malleolar
• Dorsalis pedis: At the ankle joint the anterior tibial a changes its name to dorsalis pedis to supply the foot

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15
Q

Lateral Compartment - muscles, nerve, arteries:

A
  • Everter compartment (smallest)
  • Bounded by the fibula, anterior and posterior intermuscular septa and deep fascia
    1. MUSCLES: Peroneus longus: lateral fibula – Base 1st met and medial cuneiform
  • Peroneus brevis: lateral fibula – Tuberosity 5th met.
    2. NERVES: Superficial peroneal nerve (also thorugh superficial fascia to become cutaneous in the foot)
    3. ARTERIES Branches of peroneal artery (from the posterior compartment)
  • Branches of the anterior tibial artery (from the anterior compartment)
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16
Q

Posterior Compartment - muscles, nerves, arteries

A

-Muscles produce plantar flexion and inversion of the foot
-Flexor compartment
-Largest of the three compartments
-Divided into a superficial and a deep compartment by the transversae intermuscular septum
1. MUSCLES: Gastrocnemius: lateral and medial condyles of femur – calcaneus; Flex leg at the knee joint; Plantar flex foot
-Soleus: fibula, soleal line of tibia – calcaneus; Anti-gravity muscle; No action on knee; Fibers continuously active during
standing
-Triceps surae: Gastrocnemius and soleus together; Generate 95% of plantar flexion force; Large size human characteristic
-Plantaris: lateral supracondylar line of femur – calcaneus; Absent 5-10%; Separate attachment; Organ of proprioception
-Popliteus: lateral condyle of femur – superior to soleal line of tibia; Unlocks knee joint by laterally rotating femur 5 degrees
-Flexor hallucis longus: fibula and IO membrane.- base 1st distal phalanx
-Flexor digitorum longus: tibia inferior to soleal line – bases distal phalanges toes 2-5
-Tibialis posterior: Tibia, fibula and IO membrane. – navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid ,bases of 2-4 met
2. NERVES of the posterior compartment: Tibial nerve (L4-S3)
3. ARTERIES of the posterior compartment
-Posterior tibial: A branch of the popliteal a; Gives rise to the following branches: •Circumflex fibular; • Peroneal (Perforating branch of peroneal; Communicating artery; Posterior lateral malleolar artery;Posterior lateral calcaneal artery)
• Nutrient: Largest nutrient artery in the body
• Muscular
• Posterior medial malleolar
• Communicating: Joins posterior tibial and peroneal arteries
• Medial calcaneal (posterior)
• Medial plantar
• Lateral plantar

17
Q

Tibial nerve levels:

A

L4-S3

18
Q

Venous return

A
  • Activity of the Triceps surae
  • Calf pump
  • Superficial veins
  • Perforating veins
  • Incompetent valve
  • Varicosities
19
Q

small saphenous drains into the

A

popliteal v

20
Q

common peroneal n is very superficial and gets cut… what happens?

A
  • paralysis of ant and lateral compartment muscles

- cant dorsiflex

Anatomy I Test 5 (6 decks)

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