Lecture 4: When reinforcement stops occurring Flashcards
When reinforcement stops, the ______
behaviour stops
When the reinforcement for a perviously reinforced behaviour stops, that behaviour has been ______
put on extinction
Extinction is withholding reinforcement from a _____
previously reinforced behaviour
Responses can be extinguished ______
intentionally or unintentionally
intentionally - cat meowing at door
unintentionally - child trys answering questions and teachers never pick him
To use extinction effectively, you have to know _______
what is reinforcing the response.
then decide whether you got enough control over reinforcement to remove it
Partial reinforcement effect ???
behaviour reinforced on a continuous sched. will extinguish faster > behaviour reinforced on a intermittent sched.
Extinction burst ????
initial increase in response after the removal of reinforcement
Extinction will work better when combine _____
with reinforcement for another behaviour
allows to get reinf. they want, but for an approp. behaviour
Spontaneous recovery ??????
reappearance of a previously extinguished response
Consequences that decrease the probability of behaviours occuring again are called _______
punishers
Positive punishment :D ???? (+)
the addition of a stimulus
after a behaviour
that results in a decrease of the probability that the behaviour will occur again under similar circumstances
Negative punishment :( ?????? (-)
the subtraction of a stimulus
after a behaviour
that results in a decrease of the probability that the behaviour will occur again under similar circmstances
Factors that influence the power of a stimulus to function as punishers are ______
- contingency (consistency)
- immediacy
- magnitude
Arranging punishers to occur is a risky way of changing behaviour because the use of punishment ______
can create more problems than it solves
Punishers should only be used under certain conditions because of the risks, such as _____
- when reinforcement based procedures have not produced sufficient changes in the problem behaviour
- when behaviouris dangerous it must be stopped immediately
Antecedents are ______
stimuli that precede behaviour and influence whether behaviour occurs
S’D is a type of antecedent that _____
signals the availability of reinforcement for a behaviour
In the presence of S’D, behaviour is _______
more likely to happen
S’Δ is a type of antecedent that _________
siganls reinforcement is not available or engaging in a response
In the presence of S’Δ, behaviour is ______
less likely to happen
A stimulus becoming S’D or S’Δ will depend on the _________
consequences that follow the behaviour
Consequences are stronger than ______
antecedents when influencing behaviour
If behaviour is followed by a reinforcer, the stimulus is more likely to become ____
S’D
If behaviour is followed by a lack of reinforcement, the stimulus is more likely to become __________
S’Δ
