Lecture 2: ABC's of behaviour

Question 1

The three term contingency attempts too identify _____

Answer 1

the envrionmental contingencies that affect behaviour

Question 2

The three term contingency?????

Answer 2

Antecedent > Behaviour > Consequences

Question 3

A consequence is a stimulus that follows ____

Answer 3

behaviour and affects the future probability of that behaviour occurring again under similar circumstances

Question 4

The 2 consequences that INCREASE the probability of behaviour are ______

Answer 4

positive and negative reinforcement

Question 5

The 2 consequences that DECREASE the probablity of behaviour are ______

Answer 5

positive and negative punishment

Question 6

Positive reinforcement is the _______

Answer 6

addition of a stimulus after a behaviour that results in an increase in the probability of that behaviour occurring again under similar circumstances

Question 7

Negative reinforcement is the _______

Answer 7

subtraction of a stimulus after a behaviour which results in an increase in probability of that behaviour occurring again under similar circumstances (avoid something)

Question 8

Specifying the behaviour you want to reinforce ensures _______

Answer 8

consistency and it helps maximise the effects of reinforcement

Question 9

Important to ensure that the magnitude of the reinforcement ______

Answer 9

matches the amount of effort required for behaviour

Question 10

Reinforcement is specific to ____

Answer 10

individuals

Question 11

Important to determine the types of stimuli that are likely _____

Answer 11

to function as reinforcers - do this thorugh preference assessments

Question 12

Only way to know if something is a reinforcer is to ______

Answer 12

know its effects on behaviour

Question 13

Reinforcers are better when you don’t ______

Answer 13

get them all the time

Question 14

Motivating operations are events that ________

Answer 14

• temporarily alter the effectiveness of a stimulus to function as a reinforcer
• alter the frequency of the behaviour reinforced by the stimulus

Question 15

Establishing operations make stimuli _____

Answer 15

more likely to function as reinforcers

Question 16

Abolishing operations make stimuli _______

Answer 16

less likely to function as reinforcers

Question 17

When does reinforcement work best ???????

Answer 17

when the stimulus is delivered immediately after the behaviour, this helps strengthen the relationship between the target behaviour and the receipt of reinforcement

Question 18

Reinforcement should be ______

Answer 18

contingent (reinforcement needs to follow the behaviour we want to increase)

Question 19

Adventitious reinforcement is when _____

Answer 19

the organism is responds as if there is a contingency in place when there actually isn’t one

Question 20

There are some things which are positively or negatively reinforcing to us, these types of stimuli are called ______

Answer 20

unconditioned reinforcers

Question 21

Unconditioned reinforcers typically have survival value. Give examples of positive and negative examples of unconditioned reinforcers ………

Answer 21

positive - warmth, food, water, sexual stimulation

negative - extreme tempretures, pain, toxins

Question 22

There are other stimuli which is reinforcing to us because we learn to like them and learn to avoid them, this stimuli is called ___

Answer 22

conditioned reinforcers

Question 23

Stimuli get conditioned as reinforcers by ______

Answer 23

being paired with other reinforcing stimuli

Question 24

Stimuli become conditioned because ______

Answer 24

we can trade them in for other reinforcing items

e.g. a point system in a class room

Question 25

Punishers can be conditioned in the exact same way reinforcers are ....

Answer 25

by being paired with an aversive stimulus.