Lecture 2: ABC's of behaviour Flashcards
The three term contingency attempts too identify _____
the envrionmental contingencies that affect behaviour
The three term contingency?????
Antecedent > Behaviour > Consequences
A consequence is a stimulus that follows ____
behaviour and affects the future probability of that behaviour occurring again under similar circumstances
The 2 consequences that INCREASE the probability of behaviour are ______
positive and negative reinforcement
The 2 consequences that DECREASE the probablity of behaviour are ______
positive and negative punishment
Positive reinforcement is the _______
addition of a stimulus after a behaviour that results in an increase in the probability of that behaviour occurring again under similar circumstances
Negative reinforcement is the _______
subtraction of a stimulus after a behaviour which results in an increase in probability of that behaviour occurring again under similar circumstances (avoid something)
Specifying the behaviour you want to reinforce ensures _______
consistency and it helps maximise the effects of reinforcement
Important to ensure that the magnitude of the reinforcement ______
matches the amount of effort required for behaviour
Reinforcement is specific to ____
individuals
Important to determine the types of stimuli that are likely _____
to function as reinforcers - do this thorugh preference assessments
Only way to know if something is a reinforcer is to ______
know its effects on behaviour
Reinforcers are better when you don’t ______
get them all the time
Motivating operations are events that ________
- temporarily alter the effectiveness of a stimulus to function as a reinforcer
- alter the frequency of the behaviour reinforced by the stimulus
Establishing operations make stimuli _____
more likely to function as reinforcers
Abolishing operations make stimuli _______
less likely to function as reinforcers
When does reinforcement work best ???????
when the stimulus is delivered immediately after the behaviour, this helps strengthen the relationship between the target behaviour and the receipt of reinforcement
Reinforcement should be ______
contingent (reinforcement needs to follow the behaviour we want to increase)
Adventitious reinforcement is when _____
the organism is responds as if there is a contingency in place when there actually isn’t one
There are some things which are positively or negatively reinforcing to us, these types of stimuli are called ______
unconditioned reinforcers
Unconditioned reinforcers typically have survival value. Give examples of positive and negative examples of unconditioned reinforcers ………
positive - warmth, food, water, sexual stimulation
negative - extreme tempretures, pain, toxins
There are other stimuli which is reinforcing to us because we learn to like them and learn to avoid them, this stimuli is called ___
conditioned reinforcers
Stimuli get conditioned as reinforcers by ______
being paired with other reinforcing stimuli
Stimuli become conditioned because ______
we can trade them in for other reinforcing items
e.g. a point system in a class room
Punishers can be conditioned in the exact same way reinforcers are ….
by being paired with an aversive stimulus.
