Lecture 4: Values, Attitudes & Behaviours

Question 1

what was the Asch conformity experiment? when was it?

Answer 1

comparing the size of a line to the 3 options

1963

Question 2

most to least visible

Answer 2

behaviours, attitudes, values

Question 3

what are values?

Answer 3

enduring personal beliefs about what is important or of value
what you believe in/how you think the right way to behave is

Question 4

how can values be characterised?

Answer 4

their intensity and their content

Question 5

terminal values are…

Answer 5

what you want out of life, eg want to be famous

Question 6

instrumental values are…

Answer 6

how you are going to achieve your values, eg, I will not lie to anyone to get there

Question 7

how to attitudes and values interact?

Answer 7

values provide normative basis for attitudes, eg criteria against which we judge things… and using this, we form attitudes

Question 8

what are attitudes?

Answer 8

evaluative statement about person, object, event etc that is persistent

Question 9

how are attitudes characterised?

Answer 9

their persistence, valence (desirability), and direction

Question 10

what are the 3 components of attitudes? this leads to behaviour

Answer 10

emotional (positive or negative feeling), informational (judgements), behavioural (act in accordance with our attitude

Question 11

give example of the 3 components that shape behaviour based on attitudes

Answer 11

Emotional:
I dislike my job
informational:
because it doesn’t provide me with stimulating task
behavioural:
therefore I will look for alternative work

Question 12

barriers to changing attitudes?

Answer 12

prior commitments

insufficient information

Question 13

how can you change attitudes in the workplace?

Answer 13

providing more info

involving dissatisfied people to improve the situation

Question 14

what is job satisfaction?

Answer 14

positive emotional response resulting from appraisal of one’s job

Question 15

what are the big influences on job satisfaction?

Answer 15

job content
pay (fairness of pay)
promotions (recognition)
supervision (good/bad bosses)
co workers

Question 16

how can values influence your job satisfaction

Answer 16

if you are someone who values status/progression, then the room for promotions will influence your job satisfaction

Question 17

what are job satisfaction antecedents?

Answer 17

the components that influence satisfaction

Question 18

high job satisfaction creates what sort of outcomes?

productivity etc:

Answer 18

\+ productivity 
- turnover 
- absenteeism
\+ better mental and physical health 
\+ positive citizenship behaviour (contributing to broader org eg its culture)

Question 19

what is organisational culture?

Answer 19

a shared understanding or set of beliefs about how people should behave in the org… the characteristics of groups, not individuals

Question 20

what did hofstede research?

Answer 20

if people working for the same company in different companies have the same values

Question 21

what is high v low power distance?

Answer 21

extent to which people accept unequal distribution of power… how respectful are you to those in snr positions (aus is low)

Question 22

what is individualist v collectivist?

Answer 22

degree to which people prefer to work/value individuality or the group

Question 23

what is masculinity v femininity?

Answer 23

tendency towards achievement status vs care for others, quality of life… recognition and power vs caring for others

Question 24

what is high vs low uncertainty avoidance?

Answer 24

preference for structured situations, low ambiguity vs unstructured situations with high ambiguity - risk aversion

Question 25

what is long v short termism?

Answer 25

tendency for thrift, perseverance vs respect for tradition fulfilling social obligations and protecting ones face
are you thinking about the here and now or about the future (eg climate change)

Question 26

what is restraint v indulgence?

Answer 26

normative repression, duty v satisfaction and pleasure.what is important? do we want it now or are we willing to wait?