Lecture 4 Test Flashcards
What is the pathway of formation and elimination of urine in the body
kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra
What are the functions of the kidneys
waste elimination, regulation of blood pressure, regulation of erythrocyte production, and regulation of acid-base balance
what do kidneys do when there is low blood oxygen
secrete erythropoietin
what is located in the renal medulla within the kidney
renal pyramids
what is the order of the structures in which urine flows through them
minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis
what is included in the innervation of the kidney
parasympathetic innervation in from vagus nerve, the kidney is served by the renal plexus, sympathetic innervation is from segments T10-T12 of the spinal cord, sympathetic stimulation causes vasoconstriction of the renal blood vessels
what is located within the renal cortex
the renal corpuscle
what is the glomerulus
thick tangle of capillary loops found within a corpuscle
what lines the proximal convoluted tubule
cuboidal epithelium with a large surface area
how is the nephron loop set up
hairpin turn within the medulla and ascending limb ends at the DCT
what does the juxtamedullary nephrons do
establish a salt concentration gradient in the kidney so that urine concentration can be regulated
what do principal cells do
responsive to aldosterone. and ADH; located in collecting tubules and ducts
what does the juxtaglomerular apparatus consist of
granular cells and macula dense
what synthesizes and releases the enzyme renin
granular cells
