LECTURE 4- STUDIES IN READING

Question 1

Bettie studied….

Answer 1

Beattie et al., 1082= studied speech with interruptions (specifically Margret Thatcher interviews)- they found her intonations would feature a sharp and rapid drop towards the end of certain phrases, despite her not being done with the sentence, it sounded to the other speakers (the journalist) that she was, meaning interruption was not intended.

Question 2

enfield et al studied….

Answer 2

Enfield et al- manipulated speech to speech with just white noise, muffled word speech, and normal speech. Found in normal speech people predicted when the turn was over within 0.2.s, but with speech with white noise and muffled speech this was much slower. This shows pitch, is not necessary or significant signal by itself.

Question 3

Torreira studied…

Answer 3

Bogels & Torreira- measured timing of peoples responses to two types of questions 1 ‘so you’re a student’ 2 ‘so you’re a student at lboro uni’. Both answers were finely timed to occur close to the end of the question. They explained this through interpretation of sound of each word in a sentence. Finding pitch, and length of time to produce the last syllable of the last word was important in predicting turn finish.

Question 4

enfield studied 2…..

Answer 4

Enfield et al., studied different languages and the timing of conversations- the languages examined were yeli dnye (spoken in papa new guinea), Tzeltal (spoken in Mexico), akhoe Hailom (spoken in Namibia), Lao (spoken in laos), Korean, Japanese, Italian, Danish, Dutch, and English. They focused on free flowing conversation in the home. Focused on response to yes/no questions. For each of these types of questions, they measured the time from the end of the question to the start of the answer. Findings- Japanese= 7ms, English (average)= 0.236ms, Danish= 0.5s.