Lecture 4- Skeletal Diseases, teeth

Question 1

Chondrodystrophy

Answer 1

Lesion in growth plate and/or AE complex

Can be a random or selected for mutation (disproportionate dwarfs)

Abnormalities in shape and size of bones

Question 2

Osteochondrosis (OD)

Answer 2

Degenerative process of cartilage- retention of growth cartilage because of failure to mineralize and replace with bone

Involves growth plate and/or AE complex

Affects young animals

Question 3

Osteochondrosis Dissecans (OCD)

Answer 3

Clefts form in retained cartilage

Results in fracture or articular cartilage

Joint mouse= when cartilage flap fractures off

Question 4

Osteoporosis

Answer 4

Low bone mass- when resorption outweighs formation

Not relevant in vet med

Question 5

Rickets and osteomalacia

Answer 5

Failure of mineralization with bone deformities and fractures

Rickets= growing skeleton; cartilage and bone affected

Ostomalacia= adult skeleton; only bone affected

Question 6

Fibrous osteodystrophy

Answer 6

Increased resorption of bone and replacement by fibrous tissue

caused by hyperparathyroidism
Primary= rare
Secondary= nutritional or renal

Question 7

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 7

Rare, but can cause fibrous osteodystrophy

Question 8

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 8

Common; causes fibrous osteodystrophy; can be nutritional or renal

Nutritional- diet that decreases serum calcium and increases serum phosphorus

Renal- kidney diseases causes decrease in calcium absorption, which stimulates PTH

Question 9

Inflammatory process of bone

Answer 9

Called osteitis

Periostitis- inflammation of periosteum

Osteomyelitis- inflammation of medullary cavity

Question 10

Neoplasia of bone

Answer 10

Can be primary (osteosarcoma) or secondary (metastatic bone disease)

Question 11

Hypsodont teeth

Answer 11

Continue growing throughout life

Question 12

Brachydont teeth

Answer 12

Don’t continue growing throughout life

Question 13

Teeth abnormalities

Answer 13

Cavities, malocclusions (prognathia or brachygnathia), retained tooth, periodontitis

Question 14

Reasons to extract a tooth

Answer 14

Mobile teeth, crowding of teeth, retained deciduous teeth, teeth in the line of a fracture, endodontically diseased teeth

Question 15

Healing after tooth extraction

Answer 15

Clot formation and acute inflammation

Repair phase

Osteogenesis of woven bone

Mature lamellar bone occupies space left by root socket