Lecture 4 review Flashcards
Vascular response definition
When cells are injured the arterioles surrounding the point of injury briefly become vasoconstrictor in an attempt to control bleeding and allow platelets to form clots to seal the injured area
Cellular response definition
White blood cells circulating in the blood recognize the injured location and call more WBCs of different types to the area using cytokines through a signalling system called chemotaxis
Exudate formation definition
Exudate is a collection of fluid and WBCs that move out of the circulation and into injured tissues
Manifestations of inflammation
- redness
- heat
- pain
- swelling
Regeneration definition
The replacement of lost cells by cells of the same type
What does NSAID stand for?
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
What are glucocorticoids?
Also called corticosteroids, useful for acute and severe inflammation
Calculate ABI
Ankle brachial index. ABI = ankle pressure/ brachial pressure
What is a normal ABI?
1.00 - 1.40
The histamine mediator
Source: granules of basophils, mast cells, platelets
MOA: vasodilation and increased permeability
The serotonin mediator
Source: stored in platelets, mast cells
MOA: vasodilation and increased permeability. Smooth muscle contraction
The fibrinopeptides mediator
Source: Coagulation cascade
MOA: increased permeability. Increased chemotaxis
The prostaglandins and leukotrienes mediator
Source: activated WBC arachidonic acid stimulates release
MOA: PG - vasodilation. Leukotrienes - chemotaxis
The cytokines mediator
Source: secreted by WBC, macrophages and immune cells
MOA: messengers - tell other cells to participate, increase activity
62-68% of WBCs
segmented neutrophils
20-40% of WBCs
lymphocytes
Medications to treat inflammation
- anti-pyretics
- NSAIDs
- anti-histamines
- corticosteroids
What are segmented neutrophils?
Mature cells - most abundant, first to arrive during inflammation and infection
What are band neutrophils?
Immature version of segmented neutrophils. Only used when all mature neutrophils are used up
The WBC term shift to the left
Using band neutrophils when mature neutrophils are used up
What are lymphocytes?
3 main types: T cells, B cells, natural killer cells. Predominant in lymph, most are for acquired immunity
What are monocytes?
Circulate in blood - then enter the tissue and change into macrophages
What are eosinophils?
Active in allergic reactions, large quantity of histamine, good against parasites
What are basophils?
Active in allergy, more selective role
