Lecture 4 review

Question 1

Vascular response definition

Answer 1

When cells are injured the arterioles surrounding the point of injury briefly become vasoconstrictor in an attempt to control bleeding and allow platelets to form clots to seal the injured area

Question 2

Cellular response definition

Answer 2

White blood cells circulating in the blood recognize the injured location and call more WBCs of different types to the area using cytokines through a signalling system called chemotaxis

Question 3

Exudate formation definition

Answer 3

Exudate is a collection of fluid and WBCs that move out of the circulation and into injured tissues

Question 4

Manifestations of inflammation

Answer 4

• redness
• heat
• pain
• swelling

Question 5

Regeneration definition

Answer 5

The replacement of lost cells by cells of the same type

Question 6

What does NSAID stand for?

Answer 6

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Question 7

What are glucocorticoids?

Answer 7

Also called corticosteroids, useful for acute and severe inflammation

Question 8

Calculate ABI

Answer 8

Ankle brachial index. ABI = ankle pressure/ brachial pressure

Question 9

What is a normal ABI?

Answer 9

1.00 - 1.40

Question 10

The histamine mediator

Answer 10

Source: granules of basophils, mast cells, platelets
MOA: vasodilation and increased permeability

Question 11

The serotonin mediator

Answer 11

Source: stored in platelets, mast cells
MOA: vasodilation and increased permeability. Smooth muscle contraction

Question 12

The fibrinopeptides mediator

Answer 12

Source: Coagulation cascade
MOA: increased permeability. Increased chemotaxis

Question 13

The prostaglandins and leukotrienes mediator

Answer 13

Source: activated WBC arachidonic acid stimulates release
MOA: PG - vasodilation. Leukotrienes - chemotaxis

Question 14

The cytokines mediator

Answer 14

Source: secreted by WBC, macrophages and immune cells
MOA: messengers - tell other cells to participate, increase activity

Question 15

62-68% of WBCs

Answer 15

segmented neutrophils

Question 16

20-40% of WBCs

Answer 16

lymphocytes

Question 17

Medications to treat inflammation

Answer 17

• anti-pyretics
• NSAIDs
• anti-histamines
• corticosteroids

Question 18

What are segmented neutrophils?

Answer 18

Mature cells - most abundant, first to arrive during inflammation and infection

Question 19

What are band neutrophils?

Answer 19

Immature version of segmented neutrophils. Only used when all mature neutrophils are used up

Question 20

The WBC term shift to the left

Answer 20

Using band neutrophils when mature neutrophils are used up

Question 21

What are lymphocytes?

Answer 21

3 main types: T cells, B cells, natural killer cells. Predominant in lymph, most are for acquired immunity

Question 22

What are monocytes?

Answer 22

Circulate in blood - then enter the tissue and change into macrophages

Question 23

What are eosinophils?

Answer 23

Active in allergic reactions, large quantity of histamine, good against parasites

Question 24

What are basophils?

Answer 24

Active in allergy, more selective role