Lecture 4: Phonetics Flashcards
What does Phonetics study?
How speech sounds are produced and perceives
What are the 3 types of Phonetics?
Articulatory
Acoustic
Auditory
What is Articulatory Phonetics?
The study of how sounds are produced
What is Acoustic Phonetics?
The study of the transmission of sounds and their physical properties such as intensity and duration
What is Auditory Phonetics?
The study of phonetic perception of speech sounds by the listener
What does the IPA provide?
A unique symbol for every possible human speech sound
What are the two ways that most alphabets are flawed?
The same sound may be represented by different symbols e.g. to and two
Two or more sounds may be represented by the same letter e.g. the e in gate, get
What are the two sources of sound production?
The lungs and the larynx
What are the lungs the source of?
Airflow
What is the larynx the source of?
Sound
What is the purpose of filters?
Modify the air stream
What are the 3 filters?
Oral cavity
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
What is the Glottis?
The space between the Vocal folds
What are the three types of Phonation modes or Glottis States?
Voiceless
Voiced
Whisper
What is Voiceless Phonation?
Absence of any vibration where vocal cords are pulled apart
What is Voiced Phonation?
Normal vocal fold vibration where vocal cords are pulled together but not closed
What is Whisper Phonation?
When the front portion of vocal folds are pulled together while back portions are apart
What are the 3 major sound classes?
Vowels
Consonants
Glides
What is the Sound Class of Vowels?
There is no closure in the vocal tract
More sonorous
Syllabic
What is the sound class of Consonants?
Narrow or complete closure in the vocal tract
Less sonorous
Most are non-syllabic
What is the sound class of Glides?
Vowel articulation
Pattern like consonants
What creates Nasal sounds?
The velum being lowered
What creates Oral sounds?
The velum being raised which blocks the passage of air through the nose
What are the 3 Parameters of Articulation?
Place of articulation
Manner of articulation
Voicing
What is place of articulation?
Where the sound is produced
What is manner of articulation?
How the sound is produced
What is Voicing?
Voiceless or voiced glottal state
What are the 4 manners of articulation?
- Stops
- Fricatives
- Affricates
- Flap
What are Stops?
Consonants pronounced with a complete closure in the vocal tract
What are Fricatives?
Consonants pronounced with an incomplete closure in the vocal tract
What are Affricates?
Consonants pronounced with a slow release of closure, a combination of a stop and a fricative
What ar Flaps?
When the tongue strikes the alveolar ridge quickly
What are the 4 parameters of Vowel Articulation?
- Vertical position of the tongue
- Horizontal position of the tongue
- Tenseness
- Lip rounding
What are Dipthongs?
Vowels that show a noticable change in articulation during their production
