Lecture 2: Semantics 1 Flashcards
What is Phonetics?
Studies how speech sounds are produced (articulate) and (acoustically) perceived
What is Phonology?
Studies the behavior or patterning of speech sounds
What is Morphology?
Studies the patterning of morphemes into words (word formation)
What is Syntax?
The patterning of words into phrases (sentence formation)
What is Semantics?
Studies correspondences between form and meaning (interpretation of words and sentences)
What is the easy definition of Semantics?
It is the study of meaning
What are the two types of Ambiguity?
Lexical Ambiguity and Structural Ambiguity
What is Lexical Ambiguity?
When a word has more than one possible meaning
e.g., Bank
What is Structural Ambiguity?
When a sentence can have more than one possible meaning
e.g., Visiting relatives can be boring
What is Synonymy?
When the same meaning is expressed by different words
e.g. throw, hurl, toss
What is Paraphrase?
When the same meaning is expressed by different words or sentences
e.g., Jack built this house - This house was built by Jack
What are the 4 Logical Relations among sentences?
Entailment
Equivalence
Contradiction
Contrariety
What is Entailment?
When the truth of one sentence requires the truth of another
e.g., John killed the fly entails/requires the truth of The fly is dead
What is important to note about Entailment?
It is asymmetric
What does Asymmetric?
The truth of S2 does not entail the truth of S1