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COB Immunology > Lecture 4 (part I) > Flashcards

Lecture 4 (part I) Flashcards

1
Q

Neutrophils

A

Innate immunity - early phagocytosis and killing of microbes

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2
Q

Macrophages

A

Innate immunity - efficient phagocytosis and killing of microbes, secretion of cytokines that stimulate inflammation

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3
Q

NK cells

A

Innate immunity - lysis of infected cells, activation of macrophages

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4
Q

Complement

A

Innate immunity - killing of microbes, opsonization of microbes, activation of leukocytes

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5
Q

Mannose-binding lectin (collectin)

A

Innate immunity - opsonization of microbes, activation of complement

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6
Q

C-reactive protein

A

Innate immunity - Opsonization of microbes, activation of complement

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7
Q

Which cytokines are involved in inflammation?

A

TNF, IL-1, chemokines

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8
Q

Which cytokines are involved in resistance to viral infection?

A

IFN-alpha, IFN-beta

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9
Q

Which cytokine is involved in macrophage activation?

A

IFN-gamma

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10
Q

Which cytokine is involved in IFN-gamma production of NK cells and T cells?

A

IL-12

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11
Q

Which cytokine is involved in proliferation of NK cells?

A

IL-15

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12
Q

Which cytokines are involved in control of inflammation?

A

IL-10, TGF-Beta

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13
Q

PAMPs

A

Patterns that mark antigen as non-self; no structural similarity with self-antigens

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14
Q

PRRs

A

Cell receptors that recognize PAMPs

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15
Q

Mannose-tailed glycans

A

Essential surface molecules of bacteria and viruses

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16
Q

Germ-line encoded

A

Sequences found in gamete producing cells

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17
Q

Which toll-like receptors recognize extracellular pathogens?

A

TLR-1, -2, -4, -5, -6; present on cell surface

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18
Q

Which toll-like receptors recognize intracellular pathogens?

A

TLR-3, -7, -8, -9: located in endosomes, respond only to nucleic acids

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19
Q

TLR1:TLR2 heterodimer

A

Ligands: Lipopeptides, GPI
Cells carrying receptor: Monocytes, DC, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells
Cell location of receptor: Plasma membrane

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20
Q

TLR2:TLR6 heterodimer

A

Ligands: Lipoteichoic acid, Zymosan
Cells carrying receptor: Monocytes, DC, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells
Cell location of receptor: Plasma membrane

21
Q

TLR3

A

Ligands: double-stranded viral RNA
Cells carrying receptor: NK cells
Cellular location of receptor: Endosomes

22
Q

TLR4:TLR4 homodimer

A

Ligands: Lipopolysaccharide
Cells carrying receptor: macrophages, DC, mast cells, eosinophils
Cellular location of receptor: Plasma membrane

23
Q

TLR5

A

Ligands: Flagellin
Cells carrying receptor: Intestinal epithelium
Cellular location of receptor: Plasma membrane

24
Q

TLR7

A

Ligands: single-stranded viral RNAs
Cells carrying receptor: Plasmacytoid DC, NK cells, eosinophils, B cells
Cellular location of receptor: Endosomes

25
TLR8
Ligands: Single-stranded viral RNAs Cells carrying receptor: NK cells Cellular location of receptor: Endosomes
26
TLR9
Ligands: Unmethylated CpG-rich DNA Cells carrying receptor: Plasmacytoid DCs, B cells, eosinophils, basophils Cellular location of receptor: Endosomes
27
TLR10 homodimer, heterodimers with TLR1, TLR2
Ligands: Unknown Cells carrying receptor: Plasmacytoid DCs, B cells, eosinophils, basophils Cellular location of receptor: unknown
28
What adaptor protein is used to acivate NF-kB for TLRs 1, 2, 5, and 6?
MyD88
29
What adaptor protein is used to activate IRF for TLR3?
TRIF
30
What TLR can activate the NF-kB and IRF pathways
TLR4
31
Which TLRs use MyD88 to activate both NF-kB and IRF?
TLRs 7, 9
32
What is the function of the transcription factor NF-kB?
Activation results in transcription of pro-inflammatory genes
33
What are the results of activating TLRs?
Triggers antimicrobial pathways that directly kill pathogen, Can contribute to tissue injury by inducing apoptosis and lead to symptoms of septic shock
34
What are the symptoms of inflammation?
1. Increased blood supply to area (redness, heat) 2. Increased capillary permeability (swelling, pain) 3. Massive influx of neutrophils in tissue 4. Arrival of macrophages (16-48 hours) 5. Distortion of homeostasis and loss of function
35
HMGB1 (High mobility group box 1)
DAMP - Passively released during necrosis; activates NF-kB pathway (RAGE is the receptor)
36
Uric acid
Another diffusible danger signal; activates NF-kB pathway
37
HSPs
Danger signal; induce NF-kB pathway and releases inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1B)
38
NOD-like receptors (NLRs)
Intracellular proteins that regulate host innate immune response; trigger NF-kB and MAPK signaling, control inflammatory caspases
39
Inflammasome
Signaling complex formed by NLRs binding to PAMPs, DAMPs; activates caspase-1
40
Caspase-1
Cleaves inactive cytoplasmic precursor forms of 2 homologous cytokines (IL-1B, IL-18)
41
What are the 3 distinct extracellular structural domains of scavenger receptors?
1. SR Cys-rich domain (absent in SR-A II) 2. Collagen-like domain (binding of polyanionic ligands) 3. Alpha-helical coiled-coil domain (absent in MARCO)
42
What is the function of SRs?
Group of receptors mediating uptake of oxidized lipoproteins into cells
43
CD36
Coreceptor in TLR2/6 recognition and response to lipoteichoic acid/diacylated lipopeptides
44
What is common among C-type lectin family receptors?
All have conserved carbohydrate recognition domain for recognition of microbial mannose, N-acetylgucosamine, and B-glycans
45
What are some functions of lectin receptors?
Facilitate phagocytosis, trigger secretion of cytokines
46
MBP/Soluble mannose binding lectin (MBL)
Protein involved in complement activation via the lectin pathway
47
Defensins
Small cationic peptides that contain both cationic and hydrophobic regions; produced by mucosal epithelial cells and granulocytes; direct toxicity to microbes
48
Cathelicidins
Produced by neutrophils, epithelial cells; have multiple mechanisms, some bind and neutralize LPS and block inflammasome activation

COB Immunology (9 decks)

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