Lecture 1

Question 1

Antigens

Answer 1

Substances which induce an immune response

Question 2

Antibody

Answer 2

Protein produced by the immune system when it detects antigens

Question 3

Epitope

Answer 3

Portion of the antigen molecule to which an antibody binds

Question 4

Innate immunity

Answer 4

First line of defense against infection; works rapidly, has some specificity, but no memory. Gives rise to acute inflammation.

Question 5

Adaptive immunity

Answer 5

Takes longer to develop; is highly specific and shows memory

Question 6

Components of innate immunity

Answer 6

Physical/chemical barriers, phagocytic cells, dendritic cells, NK cells, blood proteins (such as the complement system)

Question 7

Components of adaptive immunity

Answer 7

Lymphocytes in epithelia, antibodies, cytokines, B and T lymphocytes

Question 8

Cytokines

Answer 8

Proteins that regulate growth/differentiation of immune cells and activate effector functions of lymphocytes and phagocytes

Question 9

Chemokines

Answer 9

Subset of cytokines that regulate cell migration and movement

Question 10

Phagocytes

Answer 10

Immune cells that ingest/digest microbes and get rid of damaged cells

Question 11

Neutrophils

Answer 11

Most abundant WBCs, mediate earliest phases of inflammatory response. Produced in bone marrow, stimulated by G-CSF

Question 12

Mast cells, basophils, eosinophils

Answer 12

Involved in innate and adaptive response, contain granulocytes filled with inflammatory and antimicrobial mediators

Question 13

Monocytes

Answer 13

When mature, enter blood circulation and migrate to tissues to further mature into macrophages

Question 14

Macrophages

Answer 14

Tissue specific, many functions such as homeostasis, immune surveillance, response to infection, resolution of inflammation

Question 15

Dendritic cells

Answer 15

Cells of innate immunity, stimulate T cells to induce adaptive immunity