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EXCI 252: INTRO TO PHYS ACT > LEcture 4 part 2 > Flashcards

LEcture 4 part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

explain continuous vs discontinuous test

A

discontinuous: performed with rest intervals between work periods
continuous: performed with no rest (GXT, ramp tests, self placed protocols)

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2
Q

Explain continuous ramp tests

A

have much shorter exercise stages (e.g., 20 s) than that of traditional continuous GXT protocols (2-3 min).

are designed to bring individuals to their limit of exercise tolerance in about 10 min.

rarely observe VO2 plateaus. (get VO2 peak)

have WR increments that are much higher for endurance-trained athletes (e.g., 30 W/min) than for sedentary individuals (e.g., 10 W/min).

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3
Q

explain bruce ramp protocal vs modified

A

Treadmill S & G changes per min: 0.1 to 0.4 mph & 0 to 5 %.

Bruce protocol: continuous ramp test, multistage
modified: can be used for high risk and eldery

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4
Q

explain self paced protocols

A

style of ramp exercise
everything (speed, grade, intensity) can be adjusted to personal liking
must take 8-12 minutes for exhaustion
good for many people

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5
Q

what are the adjustments of exercise protocol for treadmill, becnh step and cycling

A

treadmill: speed and grade
becnh step: step rate and step height
cycling: resistance

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6
Q

what are the methods for estimating VO2 max

A 
Prediction Equations
Nomograms
Multi-Stage Model
Multi-Stage Equation
Multi-Stage Graphing
Single-Stage Model
ACSM Metabolic Equations
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7
Q

should ACSM metabolic equations be used to estimate oxygen consumption for non steady state exercvise

A

no

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8
Q

explain prediction equaitons

A

equations that have variables usede to estimate/approimate direct values

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9
Q

what are nomograms

A

visual grpahing method to determine vo2 max

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10
Q

explain how to estimate vo2 max by multistage model

A

Use HR & workload data from greater or equal to 2 submaximal stages of the treadmill test.
Client must reach steady-state HRs between 115 & 150 bpm.

calculate the slope: = (SM2 – SM1) / (HR2 – HR1)
calculate vo2 for each stage using aascm
use a prediction equation to estimate vo2 max

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11
Q

explai nmultistage graphing to estimate vo2 max

A

Plotting heart rate versus
submaximal work rates
to estimate maximal work
capacity & VO2max

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12
Q

explain the single stage model for estimating v02

A

Use 1 submaximal HR & 1 workload.
Client should reach a steady-state HR from 130 to 150 bpm.

uses euqations to calcute vo2

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13
Q

during what type of exericse were teh ACSM metabolic formulas developed

A

DURING STEADY STATE EXERCISE

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14
Q

true or false: thw ACSM metabolic equations are most accurate at the any speeds & power outputs.

A

false…

must be at the stated speeds & power outputs.

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15
Q

what are the 5 modes for the ACSM equations

A 
walking
running
leg cyling
arm cylcing 
stepping
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16
Q

What is the equation of the walking mode for ACSM and what does each component of it assess

A

VO2 = (0.1 x S) + (1.8 x S x G) + 3.5 mL·kg–1·min–1

  1. 1=horizontal oxygen requiremnet
  2. 8 vertical oxygen requirement
  3. 5= rest oxygen requirement
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17
Q

when is the walking mode formula most accurate and least axcurate

A

MOST ACCURATE FOR WALKING UPHILL
UNDERESTIMATES FOR WALKING LEVEL
NOT VALID FOR DOWNHILL

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18
Q

FOr what speeds is the ACSM walking mode best for

A

speeds 50-100 m/min (1.9-3.7 mph)

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19
Q

what is the equation for the running mode and what are the oxygen requiremnets for each compoennt

A

Running
VO2 = (0.2 x S) + (0.9 x S x G) + 3.5 mL·kg–1·min–1

horizontal: 0.2
vertical: 0.9
rest: 3.5

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20
Q

when is the running mode the most and leaast accurate

A

most accurate for uphill

not valid for downhill

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21
Q

what speeds is the running eequation work best for?

A

speeds greater than 5 mph

if they are actually jogging it can be lower

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22
Q

what is the ACSM metabolic equation for leg cyling and what are the cpmpoents

A

VO2 = 1.8 (WR / BM) + 3.5 mL·kg–1·min–1 + 3.5 mL·kg–1·min–1

  1. 8 for loaded
  2. 5 for unloaded
  3. 5 for rest
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23
Q

for what resistants is the leg cylcing best used for

A

50-200 watts

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24
Q

what is the ACSM equation for arm cylcing and the compoentnts

A

VO2 = 3.0 (WR / BM) + 3.5 mL·kg–1·min–1

loaded: 3.0
rest: 3.5

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25
Q

what is the best workrate/resistance for arm cylcing

A

25-125 w

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26
Q

WHAT is the ACSM equation for steeping and what are the oxygen requirements for the components

A

VO2 = (0.2 x F) + (1.8 x 1.33 x F x H) + 3.5 mL·kg–1·min–1

  1. 2: horizontal
  2. 8 going up
  3. 33 going down
  4. 4 for entire motion
  5. 5 for rest
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27
Q

what are the appropirate stepping rates and height for the steeping equation

A

Stepping
Stepping rates = 12 - 30 steps·min-1
Step heights = 0.04 - 0.40 m (1.6 - 15.7 in)

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28
Q

what is the total rate of experndirure on a steady state treadmill walking or running

A

speed,
grade, &
resting energy expenditure.

29
Q

what is the power function for steady state cylcing

A

Power = (Force x Distance / Time) or (Force x Velocity) where:

30
Q

what is the power function for sterady state step test

A

= Force x Distance / Time = Force x Velocity = Work / Time

31
Q

true or false: the YMCA cycle ergometer is a maximal test

A

false, it is submax

32
Q

why is the Nagle, Balke, & Naughton (1965) a unique bench stepping test

A

bench height is not constant

33
Q

is Perperually regulated exercise test maximal or submaximal

A

treadmill submaximal

34
Q

explain the pret test

A

May be used if metabolic gases are collected during the submaximal treadmill test.

Metabolic gas data collected during the last 30 s of each stage are averaged & plotted against the corresponding RPE.

The linear regression technique is used to extrapolate to an RPE of 19 or 20 used to estimate VO2peak.

35
Q

what type of test is the Ebbeling et al. (1991)

single stage treadmill walking test

A

walking
single stage
continuous
submax

36
Q

what population is the Ebbeling et al. (1991)

test good for

A

apperently health 20-69

good for those who prefer to walk or have pain when running

37
Q

true or false: the Ebbeling et al. (1991) uses a prediction equation

A

true

38
Q

where did the ebbeling test have highest reliability and vilidity

A

high test-retest reliability & validity with VO2max for a sample of middle-aged (45-65 yrs) women (Mitros et al., 2011).

39
Q

what is the ebbeling single stage walking treadmill submax test procedure

A

1) calculate patients APMHR (tenake 208-0.7*age)
2) Calculate the ceiling HR (predetermined endpoint): 85% APMHR, Calculate 50% + 70% APMHR
3) perform warm up (4 minutes at 0% grade with a speed that brings heart rate between 50 and 70 (3.2-4)
4) performance of the test (additional 4 minutes at 5% with constant speed)
5) take HR at the end of each minute and take SSHR at the late 2 minutes
6) enter SSHR into the prediction equation
7) cool down (active and passive)

40
Q

what are the vairbles in the ebbeling prediction euqation

A

Speed (mph)
SSHR (bpm)
Age (years)
Gender (Male = 1, Female = 0)

41
Q

what type of test is the astrand rhyming bicycle erg submax test?

A

single stage
continous
cycling

42
Q

what does he astrand use to predict VO2\

A

nomogram

43
Q

what is th epopulation good for the astrand test

A

healthy adults

44
Q

what do the initial worklands of the astrand test depend on and what are they

A

Initial workload depends on sex & initial fitness level:
Unconditioned or older individuals - 300 kg·m·min–1 (50 W)

Trained, physically active women - 450 to 600 kg·m·min–1 (75-100 W)

Trained, physically active men - 600 to 900 kg·m·min–1 (100-150 W)

45
Q

what is the procedure for the Astrand rhyming test>

A

6 minute test
HR measured every minute.
If SSHR is not achieved extend the work bout.
If the HR < 130 bpm at the end of 6 minutes, increase the workload by 300 kgm·min-1 & exercise an extra 6 minutes.
Use nomogram to estimate VO2 max (L·min-1).
Apply age-correction factors for clients younger or older than 25 yrs.

46
Q

what type of test is the YMCA cycle ergogometer submaximal test>

A

continuous
multistage
submax

47
Q

what populations is the ymca test good for

A

15-69

48
Q

what is the starting pedalling rate for the ymca

A

50 rpm

49
Q

what is thw The loading sequence of subsequent workloads determined by for YMCA

A

by the HR during the last minute of the first workload.

50
Q

what is the YMCA test procedure?

A

1) calcualte APMHR and 85%
2) set workload to 0.5 kp
3) know the loading sequeunces of the subsecquent loads (BY TABLE)
4) Record heart rate during last 15 s of each minute
5) The steady-state HR (SSHR) is the average of the HRs taken during the 2nd & 3rd minutes of each workload. If these HRs differ by more than 5 bpm, extend the workload by 1 minute until the HR stabilizes.
6) Continue the 3-minute workloads until there are 2 consecutive workloads where the SSHR is between 110 bpm & 85% MHR.
7) Test termination: SSHR is within 10 beats of 85% APMHR.

51
Q

how do you calculate vo2 for the ymca test

A

use the ACSM equation and then graphing method

52
Q

what type of test is the step tool bench strepping submax exercise test

A

Single
20 self-paced stepping cycles
Standardized set of 2 steps
Step Ht: 20 cm

53
Q

what population for the step tool bench test

A

18-85

54
Q

how do you get the vo2 through the tool bench strepping submax test

A

prediction eqaution and post exercise heart rate

55
Q

what is the WEBB step protocol bench stepping test and what age is it good for

A

Healthy adults
(college age)

Multi

56
Q

quickly explai nthe WEBB step test

A

PFA score = questionnaire
Stage Duration: 2 min
Step Ht = 0.19 x Client’s Ht (cm)
Step rate = PFA 1st stage, then increase 5 steps·min-1 for each subsequent stage.

57
Q

what are the 3 important field tests

A

1) cooper 12 min run
2) leger 20 m shuttle run
3) rockport 1 mile test

58
Q

what is the mode for the cooper 12 minute run, what population is it good for and what does it use to predict v02

A

mode: running
healthy adults
uses predictuion equation

59
Q

what is the mode for the 20 m shuttle run and for what populatitons and how does it estimate vo2

A

running
8-9 yo children
using predictuion equation

60
Q

what is the population for rockport 1 mile test and why is it suitable for larger ammounts of people

A

20-69

is suitable for sedentary and/or older adults who may prefer a walking prescription.

61
Q

what type of test is the rockport 1 mile test

A

field test,
submax
single stage

62
Q

what is the general procedure for rockport

A

3 minutes warm up at light to moderate pace

test: walk the 1m as fast as you can
after: take HR immiediately after

63
Q

how does the rockport 1 mile test estimate VO2

A 
using prediction equations with the following variables
Weight (kg)
Age (yrs)
Gender (Male = 1, Female = 0)
Time (minutes)
Post-exercise heart rate (bpm)
64
Q

know the table for the YMCA test loads

A

kfgs

65
Q

which tests use the nomomoters for estimating vo2

A

bruce ramp protocol+modified
balke protocol
astrand rhyming

66
Q

what type of test is the balke and ware test

A

continuous, maximal

multistage

67
Q

what are the maximal tests

A 
continious ramp test
self paced protocols
balke and ware
bruce ramp protocal 
bruce and e
68
Q

what are the submaximal tests

A 
ebbeling 
astrand
YMCA
step tool
webb
cooper 12m 
leger 20 m 
rock 1 mile
69
Q

When do you extend the stage by 1 more minute? by 6 more minutes

A

1 more minute: all the testts when you do not each SSHR EXCEPT FOR ONE TEST
6 more minutes by 300 kpm=ASTRAND RHYMIND TEST

EXCI 252: INTRO TO PHYS ACT (9 decks)

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