Lecture 3: Principles of Assessment, Prescription, & Exercise Program Adherence Flashcards

Question

What is important to remember about the testing order?

Answer 1

BP and heart rate at rest should be measured first (and allow time to return back to normal) do not stress the same msucle repeatdely order of the tests must remain the same to ensure reliability

Answer 2

``` Resting heart rate Resting blood pressure Height & weight Body composition & balance Cardiorespiratory endurance Muscular fitness Flexibility ```

Answer 3

1) resting heart rate and bp 2) anthropometric measure (weight, height, body comp) 3) aerobic fitness assessment 4) muskulotskeletal assessment

Answer 4

Modified Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test (mCAFT) or Ebbeling Treadmill Walking Test or Rockport 1-Mile Walk Test or YMCA Cycle Ergometer Test

Answer 5

Hand Grip Strength Test (isometric muscular strength of forearm muscles) Predicted 1-RM (Dynamic muscular strength of tested muscles (e.g., bench press). Push-Ups Test (Dynamic muscular endurance of upper body muscles (chest, shoulders & arms).) Sit-and-Reach Test (Static flexibility of the hamstrings & lower back) Vertical Jump Test (Leg power. ) Back Extension Test (Isometric muscular endurance of the upper body, primarily the back extensor muscles) Forearm Plank Test (Isometric muscular endurance of upper body (abdominal muscles)). One-Leg Stance Test (Static balance of the legs) Y Balance Test (Dynamic standing balance of the legs.)

Answer 6

1) failure to listen to pre assessment instructions 2) testing order 3) testing environment 4) test anxiety 5) accostemoded to the test protocol 6) emotional problems

Answer 7

Valid, Reliable, & Objective.

Answer 8

is the ability of a test to measure accurately, with minimal error, a specific physical fitness component. is affected by test reliability & test objectivity.

Answer 9

- is the ability of a test to yield consistent & stable scores across trials & over time. - is also called intrarater reliability. - tests with poor reliability have poor validity. - a test with excellent reliability but poor validity is possible.

Answer 10

yield similar test scores for a given individual when the same test is administered by different technicians. is also called interrater reliability.

Answer 11

test sensitivity | test specifificty

Answer 12

is the probability of correctly identifying individuals who have risk factors for a specific disease or syndrome. is typically < 100%. some false positives.

Answer 13

is a measure of the ability to correctly identify individuals with no risk factors for a specific disease or syndrome. is typically < 100%. some false negatives.

Answer 14

direct measures | indirect measures

Answer 15

- are obtained using reference or criterion methods/are obtained in the laboratory setting. - most valid - “gold standard” to validate field tests & to develop prediction equations that accurately estimate the reference measure. - are expensive, time consuming, & require considerable expertise.

Answer 16

- are used because one cannot always measure some physical fitness components directly. - ESTIMATE in field settings & clinical settings.(with a ref. measure) - typically involve the use of prediction equations.

Answer 17

reference measure: force or torque reference method: 1 rep max, linear transducers indirect: submax tests like 2 rep max

Answer 18

reference measure: FFM, %BF reference method: hydrodensity or dexo indirect: skinfolds, antro, bioelectrical impednace

Answer 19

reference measure: bone mineral and density reference method: DEXA indirect: anthro of bony width

Answer 20

reference measure: rom of a joint in degrees reference method: xray or goniometry indirect: linear flexibility tests

Answer 21

reference measure: none reference method: computerized assessment indirect: bslance tests

Answer 22

referece measure: direct vo2 reference method: max GXT with open circuit spiromtry indirect: submax GXT

Answer 23

equations used to predict/estimate direct measures of health related components

Answer 24

simple (r) or multiple correlations (Rmc), squared correlations (R2), the standard error of the estimate (SEE), the total error (TE), the 95% limits of agreement, & cross-validation.

Answer 25

determined relationship between 2 sets of dats

Answer 26

A value between -1.0 and 1.0 that indicates the degree of relationship between 2 sets of measures.

Answer 27

the correlation between the reference (criterion) measure of the physical fitness component & the predictor in the regression equation. multiple: between 2 of more predictors

Answer 28

provides an indication of the variability in the criterion measure that can be predicted from the indirect measure: (shared variance)

Answer 29

GROUP PREDICTION ERROR accuracy of the prediction equation & the validity of the test. average amount of error in predicton from y to x is the standard deviation of the errors, or residual scores, of prediction: (residual score (y-y') where y=measured, y' predicted)

Answer 30

fa SEE < 5.0 mL·kg-1·min-1

Answer 31

-is a measure of individual prediction error. estimates how well you will be able to predict your client’s actual value when using the prediction equation. This is accomplished by using the Bland & Altman Method (1986): For each individual in the sample, calculate difference scores & average scores: Difference Scores = (actual values – predicted values) Average Scores = [(actual values + predicted values) / 2]. Then the difference scores & average scores are plotted on a graph.

Answer 32

smaller, better predictive accuracy

Answer 33

average degree of variation of deviateion of individual data points in comparison to line of identity

Answer 34

a method to test the accuracy of a prediction (regression) equation on a different sample from the one on which it was developed.

Answer 35

1) use one tested on a Large sample size 2) were developed with 20 to 40 subjects per predictor variable. 3) possess validity and (simple or multiple) correlation coefficients > 0.80. 4) have a high coefficient of determination (r2). 5) has been cross validated

Answer 36

1) population specific (are intended only for individuals from a specific homogeneous group) 2) generalized: are developed using diverse heterogeneous samples. account for differences in physical characteristics by including these variables as predictors in the equation, e.g., age, gender, height, & body weight.

Answer 37

Balke (for sedentary and active men and women) 1 RM prediction (for men and women, divided by age) prediction of body fat (divided by gender, race, age)

Answer 38

ebbeling rockport 1 mile skinfold

Answer 39

to reduce chance of error

Answer 40

1) Specificity Training Principle 2) Overload Training Principle 3) Principle of Progression (Stages of Progression) 4) Principle of Initial Values 5) Principle of Interindividual Variability or Individuality 6) Principle of Diminishing Returns 7) Principle of Reversibility (Detraining)

Answer 41

The body’s physiological & metabolic responses & adaptations to exercise training are specific to the type of exercise & the muscle groups involved. (Only the muscles or body systems being exercised will show beneficial changes.) training effects are specficic to: muscle groups, joint actions, speed and tpye of contraction, amount of overload

Answer 42

The physiological systems of the body must be taxed using loads that are greater than those to which the individual is accustomed increasing the frequency, intensity, and/or duration

Answer 43

OVERLOAD (intensity is most important)

Answer 44

The gradual increase of the overload or training volume

Answer 45

The relative gains & rate of improvement in response to exercise training depends on an individual’s initial physical fitness level.

Answer 46

Individual responses to a training stimulus are quite variable & they depend on a number of factors such as: age, health status, initial fitness level, *genetics*

Answer 47

``` Genetic Endowment (Farther from genetic limit = bigger improvements.) Biologic Age (Affects the amount of adaptation) Training State (Low fitness level = respond at a higher rate & magnitude.) Health Status (Adaptive energy is reduced when sick or ill) Fatigue State (Follow proper recovery strategies.) ```

Answer 48

An individual’s rate of improvement in physical fitness slows & eventually plateaus (because of genetic ceiling)

Answer 49

The positive physiological effects & health benefits of regular physical activity & exercise are reversible as demonstrated by detraining.

Answer 50

FITT+progression ``` F=frequency I=Intensity T=time (duration) T= type (mode) progression of exercise ```

Answer 51

PROGRESSIVELY OVERLOADED

Answer 52

Initial conditioning improvement maintenance

Answer 53

dur: Takes 1-6 weeks (learning techniques) purpose: Serves as a primer to familiarize the client with exercise training

Answer 54

dur: 4-8 months (rapid progression) purpose: Progressive improvement of physical fitness until a client’s fitness goal is achieved.

Answer 55

dur: regular, long term basis frequency: Maintain the level of fitness achieved by the client at the completion of the improvement stage. MUST DECREASE THE VOLUME

Answer 56

determined relationship between 2 sets of dats