Lecture 4: Osteology of the Lower Extremity

Question 1

What fraction of a persons height is the femur bone?

Answer 1

1/4

Question 2

Describe the anterior surface of the femur

Answer 2

Smooth
Medial and lateral epicondyles at the distal end
Femoral epicondyles
patellar surface

Question 3

Describe the posterior surface of the femur

Answer 3

• characterized by two converging lines that come together near the middle of the shaft of the femur
• spiral line continues from the intertrochanteric line
• two lines diverge to form the lateral and medial supracondylar ridge
• popliteal surface
• epicondyles
• femoral condyles
• intercondylar fossa

Question 4

Describe the proximal anterior portion of the femur

Answer 4

head
neck 
greater trochanter 
lesser trochanter 
intertrochanteric line (low ridge connecting two trochanters)

Question 5

Describe the proximal posterior portion of the femur

Answer 5

head
neck
greater trochanter
lesser trochanter (projects backward and medially)
intertrochanteric line (high ridge connecting two trochanters, partial site of attachment for the quadrates femoris muscle)

Question 6

Describe the Distal posterior portion of the femur

Answer 6

medial and lateral condyles 
medial and lateral epicondyles 
patellar surface (between condyles) 
adductor tubercle (site of partial attachment of adductor magnus)  
popliteal surface 
intercondylar fossa

Question 7

What is the lateral boundary of the linea aspera

Answer 7

• continuation of the gluteal tuberosity

- inferiorly becomes the lateral supracondylar line

Question 8

What is the medial boundary of the linea aspera?

Answer 8

• continuation of the pectineal line

- inferiorly becomes the medial supracondylar line

Question 9

Describe the proximal end of the tibia

Answer 9

• two concave surfaces: medial and lateral tibia plateaus

- articular with femoral condyle

Question 10

Describe the tibial tuberosity

Answer 10

prominent process that is palpable from the surface and forms the attachment site for the patellar ligament

Question 11

Describe the soleal line

Answer 11

line on the posterior surface that curves below the lateral condyle toward the medial side of posterior surface

attachment site of the soles muscle

Question 12

Describe the medial distal surface of the tibia

Answer 12

medial malleolus

Question 13

Describe the lateral distal surface of the tibia

Answer 13

fibular notch

Question 14

What are the articulations of the fibula

Answer 14

proximally with the tibia

distally with the talus

Question 15

What is the function of the fibula

Answer 15

acts like a lever arm to increase or decrease tension on the talus

Question 16

Describe the anterior proximal portion of the tibia

Answer 16

-medial and lateral condyles
tuberosity
-tubercles of the intercondylar -eminence

Question 17

Describe the posterior proximal portion of the tibia

Answer 17

• medial and lateral condyles
• tubercles of the intercondylar eminence
• articular facet for fibula
• soleal line

Question 18

What are the three groups of the bones in the foot

Answer 18

tarsals
metatarsals
phalanges

Question 19

Describe the calcaneus

Answer 19

heel bone; has a calcanea tuberosity, sustentaculum tali. and superior articulating surfaces

Question 20

Describe the talus

Answer 20

• only ankle bone that articulates with the tibia
• cyndrilical like processes oriented in a vertical plane
• articulate with the lateral and medial malleoli of the tibia and fibula
• articulates with 3 surfaces of the calcaneus

Question 21

List the bones of the foot

Answer 21

• calcaneus
• talus
• navicular
• cuboid
• cuneiform
• metatarsals
• phalanges

Question 22

Describe the navicular bone

Answer 22

short, wide bones that articulates proximally with the head of the talus and distally with the cuneiforms

Question 23

Describe the cuboid bone

Answer 23

located lateral to the navicular and articulates with the calcaneus, lateral cuneiform and the 4/5 metatarsals

Question 24

Describe the cuneiform bones

Answer 24

wedge shaped, articulates with 1 of the 3 remaining metatarsals that the cuboid bone isn’t touching