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Anatomy II Exam 1 > Lecture 2 - Pelvic Cavity 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - Pelvic Cavity 1 Flashcards

1
Q

External Iliac Artery

A

Branches include deep circumflex iliac artery and inferior epigastric artery; becomes femoral artery

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2
Q

Internal Iliac Artery

A

Supplies pelvic organs and walls, gluteal muscles, and perineum; divided into anterior and posterior

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3
Q

Umbilical Artery

A

Gives off superior vesicle arteries; supply superior aspect of urinary bladder; becomes either obliterated umbilical artery or medial umbilical ligament

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4
Q

Obturator Artery

A

Supplies pelvic muscles, ilium, femoral head, muscles of medial thigh

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5
Q

Inferior Vesicle Artery (Males)

A

Branches into prostatic, which supplies prostate gland, and a branch to ductus deferens

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6
Q

Uterine Artery (Females)

A

Supplies uterus and vagina

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7
Q

Internal Pudendal Artery (Males)

A

Branches into inferior rectal, perineal artery (posterior scrotal artery), artery of bulb of penis, deep artery of penis (supplies corpora cavernosa), and dorsal artery of penis

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8
Q

Internal Pudendal Artery (Females)

A

Branches into inferior rectal, perineal artery (posterior labial artery), artery of vaginal vestibule, deep artery of clitoris, and dorsal artery of clitoris

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9
Q

Inferior Gluteal Artery

A

Supplies coccygeus muscle, three levator ani muscles, piriformis and quadratus femoris muscles, uppermost posterior thigh muscles, gluteus maximus, and sciatic nerve

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10
Q

Middle Rectal Artery

A

Supplies lower rectum and seminal vesicles in males

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11
Q

Iliolumbar Artery

A

Supplies psoas major muscle, iliacus muscle, quadratus lumborum muscle, and cauda equina (in vertebral canal)

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12
Q

Lateral Sacral Artery

A

Supplies piriformis muscle, sacral canal structures, erector spinae muscles

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13
Q

Superior Gluteal Artery

A

Supplies piriformis muscle, glueus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fascia latae muscle

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14
Q

Testicular Artery

A

Supplies testis

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15
Q

Ovarian Artery

A

Supplies ovaries

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16
Q

Inferior Mesenteric Artery (Superior Rectal Artery)

A

Supplies superior aspect of rectum; anastomoses with middle and inferior rectal arteries

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17
Q

Median Sacral Artery

A

Travels in median plane over L4-5, sacrum, coccyx

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18
Q

Pampiniform Plexus

A

Located inside spermatic cord and drains testicular vein

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19
Q

Internal Rectal Venous Plexus

A

Superior-most anatomosis of the three rectal veins

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20
Q

Piles

A

Prolapse of the mucosa containing the external rectal venous plexus that results in pain and impeded blood flow

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21
Q

External Rectal Venous Plexus

A

Inferior-most anastomosis of the three rectal veins; located near anus

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22
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Produced by blood clots in external rectal venous plexus; bulging out of skin and mucosa from external rectal venous plexus

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23
Q

Describe the pelvic splanchnic nerves

A

-parasympathetic
-ventral rami of S2-4
synapse in inferior mesenteric ganglion
-feed into the inferior hypogastric plexus

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24
Q

Where do the pelvic splanchnic nerves go in females?

A

innervate the urethra and the rectum

forms the uterovaginal plexus (ovaries, uterus, etc)

25
Q

Describe the coccygeal plexus

A

S4, S5, coccygeal nerve

anococcygeal nerve

26
Q

Describe the sacral splanchnic nerves

A
  • sympathetic
  • from the sacral plexus
  • feed into the sacral sympathetic trunk and then into the inferior hypogastric plexus
27
Q

Describe the lumbar splanchnic nerves

A
  • sympathetic
  • from the lumbar plexus to the abdominal sympathetic plexus, inferior mesenteric ganglion and the superior hypogastric plexus (to the uterine tubes in a female)
28
Q

What are the two types of the paravertebral ganglia?

A
  1. ganglion impar

2. superior hypogastric

29
Q

Describe the ganglion impar

A

Coccygeal ganglion

30
Q

Describe the superior hypogastric paravertebral ganglia

A
  • sympathetic from the lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves

- feeds into the inferior hypogastric plexus

31
Q

What does the inferior hypogastric plexus supply in males?

A

urethra, ductus deferent, prostate gland, and ejeaculatory ducts

32
Q

What does the inferior hypogastric plexus supply in females?

A

innervates the urethra and produces uterovaginal plexus

33
Q

What is the pelvic diaphragm?

A

a muscular sheet that covers the pelvic outlet

  • forms a muscular sling that supports the pelvic organs
  • major constituent is the levator ani complex
  • consists of the levator ani and the coccygeus
34
Q

What does the levator ani consist of?

A
  • puborectalis; forms a sling around the anorectal junction
  • pubococcygeus
  • iliococcygeus
35
Q

What is the levator ani

A
  • forms a muscular sling supporting pelvic organs

- incomplete anteriorly to allow for passage of urethra and vagina

36
Q

What is the urogenital diaphragm?

A

a layer of skeletal muscle between two layers of fascia

37
Q

What is the urogenital diaphragm penetrated by?

A

the membranous urethra and vagina

38
Q

Describe the sischioanal fossa

A
  • wedge shaped space between the anal canal, obturator interns, pelvic diaphragm, and skin
  • filled with loose connective tissue and fat
  • allows expansion of the anal canal during defecation and the vagina during child birth
39
Q

What is the diamond shaped area below the pelvic diaphragm and what are the “four points”?

A

this is the perineum
anterior: pubic symphysis
posterior: coccyx
Lateral: ischial tuberosities

has the same boundary has the inferior pelvic aperture

40
Q

Describe the two triangles that the perineum is divided into by the imaginary line connecting the ischial tuberosities

A
  1. anal triangle: posterior

2. Urogenital triangle/diaphragm: anterior, pierced by urethra in males and females; pierced by the vaginal in females

41
Q

What are the 4 muscles that are associated with the perineum?

A
  1. sphincter urethrae
  2. superficial and deep perineal muscles
  3. ischiocavernosus muscle
  4. bulbospongiosus muscle
42
Q

What is the blood supply of the perineum?

A

internal pudendal artery

43
Q

What is the nerve supply of the perineum

A

pudendal nerve and the sacral autonomics

44
Q

What are the urogenital diaphragm layers?

A
  1. superficial layers of fascia of urogenital diaphragm
  2. urogenital diaphragm
  3. Perineal membrane
  4. superficial space
  5. bulbourethral glands (male)
45
Q

Describe the sphincter urethrae muscle in terms of

  1. origin
  2. insertion
  3. action
  4. innervation
A
  1. medial surface of the inferior pubic rams
  2. urethra in males and the vagina and urethra in females
  3. constricts membranous urethra in males and vagina and urethra in females
  4. innervated by the perineal nerve
46
Q

Describe the transverse perineal muscle in terms of

  1. origin
  2. insertion
  3. action
  4. innervation
A
  1. ischiopubic rams and ischial tuberosity
  2. median raphe, perineal body and external and sphincter
  3. supports and fixes perineal body to support abdominopelvic viscera
  4. innervated by the perineal nerve
47
Q

What are the structures and the muscles in the superficial space?

A

Structures: great vestibular glands
muscles: ischiocavernosus muscle, bulbospongiosus muscle , superficial transverse perineal muscle

48
Q

Describe the perineal body

A

central tendon

  • irregular fibromuscular mass
  • median plane between anal canal and perineal membrane
49
Q

What is the perineal body a junction point for?

A
  1. bulbospongiosus muscle
  2. external anal sphincter
  3. superficial/deep transverse perineal muscles
50
Q

Describe the superficial perineal pouch and its contents

A

located between the membranous layer of subQ tissue and perineal membrane

contains the…

  1. bulbospongiosus muscle
  2. ischiocavernosus muscle
  3. superficial transverse perineal muscle
51
Q

Describe the superficial transverse perineal muscle in terms of

  1. origin
  2. insertion
  3. action
  4. innervation
A
  1. ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity
  2. central tendon perineum
  3. stabilize central tendon
  4. inverted by the perineal branch of the pudendal nerve
52
Q

Describe the ischiocavernosus muscle in terms of

  1. origin
  2. insertion
  3. action
  4. innervation
A
  1. ischiopubic ramus and ischia tuberosity
  2. corpus cavernosus of the penis and clitoris
  3. maintains the erection of the penis and clitoris by compressing venous drainage
  4. innervated by the perineal branch of the pudendal nerve
53
Q

Describe the bulbospongiosus muscle in terms of

  1. origin
  2. insertion
  3. action
  4. innervation
A
  1. central tendon of the perineum
  2. inferior fascial of the urogenital diaphragm, corpus spongiosum of penis and deep fascia on dorsal of penis in male
  3. micturition; propel semen, erections, decrease vaginal orifice
  4. innervated: perineal branch of pudendal nerve
54
Q

Describe the anorectal junction

A
  • between the rectum and anal canal
  • superior to the anal columns
  • pectinate line
55
Q

Where is the anal canal?

A

between the rectum and the external anal orifice

56
Q

Where are the anal valves?

A

At the inferior end of anal columns

57
Q

Describe the anal sinuses

A

small recesses that excrete mucous to help evacuate the anal canal

58
Q

Where are the sischioanal fossa located?

A

around the wall of the anal canal inferior to pelvic diaphragm

59
Q

Describe the pudendal canal

A

the space that is inside the obturator fascia

-transmits internal pudendal artery, vein, and nerve

Anatomy II Exam 1 (7 decks)

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