Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology 101 > Lecture 4 Nursing 100 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Nursing 100 Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillins

A

first Antibiotic in WW2

lots of diff reasons to use: inhibits bact cell wall; STD’s; ear infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Four groups of Penicillins

A

Natural
Penicillinase resistant
amino-penicillin
Extended spectrum penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Penicillin Absorption

A

oral dose varies- empty stomach best
IM for noncompliant/inconvenient
IV immediate dist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Penicillin Guide

A

classified according to action
food slows absorption
2 hr apart from aminoglycosides
not good for high BP
could be prob for renal pt
platelets clot- dysfunction: bleeding, bruising
monitor for freq headaches, SOB (shortness of breath)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Penicillin Distribution

A

wide throughout body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Penicillin Metabolism

A

limited extent in liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Penicillin Excretion

A

60% unchanged by kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Penicillin Mechanism of action

A

Bactericidal- destroys the bact
inhibits cell wall synthesis
cell lysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Penicillin- Therapeutic use

A

Wide spectrum of antimicrobial action; gram + and gram - bacteria; common infections: syphillis, GC, URL, Otitis media; endocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Penicillin Drug intereactions

A

Extended spectrum- inactivates aminoglycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Penicillin- Adverse Reactions

A

Low incidence of serious toxicity
Predictable: adminstered as disodium salts; may increase; hepatotoxicity; GI- glossitis, N/V/D; colitis; superimposed infection; CNS irritability- colitis; superimposed infection; CNS irritability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Penicillins- Unpredictable Reactions

A

Allergic (3-10% of pop)
anaphylactic- SOB, hypotensive TX Epine
Serum Sickness 7-10 days p tx» fever, hives, joint pain
Renal Failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

TX

A

Treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hematuria

A

blood in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Proteinuria

A

protein in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Penicillin Nursing Implications

A 
Assess pt HX
Check allergies
assess GI symptoms
Check electrolyte lvls
Administer 1 hr ac or 2 hr pc
advise pt to complete full course
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cephalosporins

A

Categorized by generations- first through third- build up resistantce
have beta lactum structure similar to PCN
Cross sensitivity occurs
Used for anaerobic bact- don’t need O2 to live

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cephalosporin Pharmacokinetics

A

absorptions poor po, IM painful, better IV
dist wide except CNS
metabolized diff by each generation
excreted- unchanged by kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cephalosporin mechanism of action

A

bacterialcidial

inhibits cell wall synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cephalosporin therapeutic use

A

Gm+ and gm-; some anaerobic
Surgical prophylaxis (before surgery)
resp infection, skin, soft tissue
bones, joints, UTI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cephalosporin Drug interactions

A

alcohol- antibuse effect: HA, dizziness, N/v, cramps

Impenem, cilastatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Antibuse

A

type of drug taken to stop alcoholism b/c sideffects that occur when taking with alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cephalosporin Predictable Adverse Reactions

A

IM painful; colitis- can lead to diarrhea; thrombophelibitis- swell blood vessel and become hardened where IV goes; renal insufficiency; bleeding disorders; GI= NVD, super infection

24
Q

Cephalosporin Unpredictable Adverse Reactions

A

Hypersensitivity; mild to severe; 5-10% reactivity with PCN

25
Cephalosporin Nursing Implications
Check for allergies to PCN; Give IM diluted with lidocaines; monitor for superinfection; avoid alcohol (ETOH)
26
Tetracycline
Rarely Rx of choice | Classified: short, intermediate, long-acting
27
Tetracycline Pharmacokinetics
Absorption- po several food and RX interfere; poor IM Distributed- widely Excreted primarily by kidneys
28
Tetracycline Mechanism of Action
Bacteriostatic Inhibits growth and multiplication Interferes with protein synthesis
29
Tetracycline Therapeutic uses
Broad spectrum Gm+ and Gm-; Rock Mtn Fever; Lyme disease; acne in low doses
30
Tetracycline Food and drug interactions
Antacids, iron, ETOH, milk products
31
Tetracycline Predictable Adverse reactions
``` Poor tooth enamel development < 8 yrs old GI distress Photosensitivity skin and eyes altered bone growth hepatotoxic- fatty infilitrates nephrotoxic- renal failure CNS toxic- dizzy ```
32
Tetracycline Unpredictable Adverse Reactions
Hypersensitivity; anaphylaxis
33
Tetracycline Nursing Implications
``` Not in children < 8 yrs old assess hypersensitivity check renal function check if pregnant or lactating take po with 8 oz of fluid not with milk: Ca, Mg, Fe take on empty stomach avoid direct sunlight contains tartrazine (dye) ```
34
Chloramphenicol Pharmacokinetics
Absorbed- po or IV Distributed- widely Metabolized in liver by special enzyme (may not be present) Excreted as metabolite by kidneys
35
Chloramphenicol Mechanism of Action
Bacteriostatic- inhibits multiplication; cell wall synthesis | maybe bactericidal
36
Chloramphenicol Therapeutic use
``` Gm+ and gm- anaerobic bact meningitis in brain typhoid fever salmonella hemopilus influenza meningitis ```
37
Chloramphenicol Drug interactions
Inhibits metabolism of hypoglycemia agents= low blood glucose inhibits anticonvulsant= dilantin toxicity dilantin: highly pro bound- binds w/ everything alters potential of anticoagulants= bleeding
38
Chloramphenicol Predictable Adverse Reactions
GI- N/V, glossitis diarrhea gray syndrome- neonates maybe fatal: ashen color, circulatory collapse, death bone marrow suppression (reversible)- leukocytes, erythrocytes, platelets- may look anemic
39
Chloramphenicol Unpredictable Adverse Reactions
Aplastic Anemia- irreversible, pancytopenia | Hypersensitivity
40
Chloramphenicol Nursing Implications
screen for sensitivity assess liver (f) monitor for bone marrow suppression (labs) Tell MD if fever, sore throat, fatigue, bruising (signs of liver disease)
41
Clindamycin & Lincomycin
Inhibit protein synthesis | use limited to serious infections- intrabdominal, pleuropulmonary
42
Clindamycin & Lincomycin Drug Interactions
with erythromycin and neuromuscle blocking agents
43
Clindamycin & Lincomycin Predictable Adverse Reactions
80% diarrhea | pseudomembranous Colitis- maybe fatal
44
Clindamycin & Lincomycin Unpredictable Adverse reactions
hypersensitivity
45
Clindamycin & Lincomycin Nursing implications
``` Used for nosocomial infections screen pt for intestinal diseases- esp colitis monitor liver (f) tests ```
46
Erythromycin
TX common infections Highly effective Safe can be used in pts allergic to PCN
47
Erythromycin Mechanism of Action
Bacteriostatic | inhibits protein synthesis
48
Erythromycin Therapeutic Uses
Broad spectrum gm+/gm- Legionaries (drug of choice for this disease) GC/syphilis if PCN sensitive
49
Erythromycin Drug Interactions
Decreased theophylline excretion- increase toxicity
50
Erythromycin Adverse Reactions
``` Few Only with high doses more likely if renal failure allergic reactions hepatitis ```
51
Erythromycin Nursing Implications
``` Assess allergies (cross sensitivity to ASA) assess liver (f) check incompatibilities in IV soln- MANY ```
52
Sulfonamides (Sulfa)
First effective systemic antibiotic | many resistant bacteria
53
Sulfonamides (Sulfa) M of A
Bacteriostatic | inhibits production of folic acid
54
Sulfonamides (Sulfa) Therapeutic Use
Use in UTI, colitis,pneumocyctis pneumonia (AIDS)- prevents reoccurrence of rheumatic fever group A beta hemolytic strep
55
Sulfonamides (Sulfa) Drug Interactions
PABA (para-aminobenzoic acid) sun screens | Digoxin- reduces dig bioavailability
56
Sulfonamides (Sulfa) Adverse Reactions
High dose- crystaluria N/V/D common Hypersensitive Photosensitivity
57
Sulfonamides (Sulfa) Nursing Implciations
``` pt HX- skin rash, low urine output pregnancy, lactation, recent use of PABA, po with ample fluids avoid direct sunlight ``` call MD for sx hematologic reaction: sore throat, pallor, jaundice, weakness

Pharmacology 101 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions