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Pharmacology 101 > Lecture 1 Nursing 100 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Nursing 100 Flashcards

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1
Q

Pharmacognosy

A

Origin

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2
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

How drug moves through body

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3
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

Biological change/effect on body

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4
Q

Pharmacotherapeutics

A

What drug is used for

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5
Q

Toxicology

A

Side effects; balancing act b/t function of med and side effects

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6
Q

Drug

A

medication; pharmacological agent; produces biological effect

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7
Q

Prescription Drug

A

safe under supervision; prescribed by licensed practitioner

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8
Q

Non-Prescription

A

OTC (over-the-counter); safe if instructions followed; no prescription necessary

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9
Q

Recreational Drug

A

use for pleasant psychological/physical effects; no therapeutic intent

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10
Q

Chemical Name

A

atomic/molecular structure

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11
Q

Generic Name

A

OFFICIAL- so everyone knows what you’re talking about; derived from chem name; listed in US Pharmacopedia and formulary

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12
Q

Trade Name

A

patent good for 7 years; selected by manufacturer; copyrighted

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13
Q

Drug Classifications (2)

A

Pharmacologic and therapeutic classifications

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14
Q

Pharmacologic Classification

A

similar characteristics; similar chem make up

ex: Penicillins, beta blockers

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15
Q

Therapeutic

A

Used for similar effect; may not have similar chemical make up
ex: antihypertensives, antibiotics

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16
Q

Drug Development

A

FDA monitors process; animal trials; human trials

17
Q

Human trials

A

1st- healthy clients
2nd- small # of clients w/ disease
3rd- large # of clients w/ disease
monitor for side-effects

18
Q

Orphan Drugs Act

A

Gov sponsored; rare and unusual diseases

19
Q

Schedule of Controlled Substances

A
  1. Research only b/c severe dependence
    ex: heroin, LSD, marijuana
  2. Severe psych & physical dependency; can’t be phoned in for refill; special prescription require
    ex: morphine, demerol, cocaine
  3. moderate/low physical or high psych dependency; low on # of refills
    ex: Vicadin
  4. Limited physical or psych dependency
    ex: anti anxiety, sleeping, depressant
  5. Limited Physical or psych dependency
    ex: Tylenol #3
20
Q

Controlled Drug Regulations

A

2 licensed personnel count every shift

21
Q

Resources for drug info

A

Pharmacopedia, compendia (non-official), pharmaceutical firms ex: physician’s desk refrence
Journals
Nursing Reference books
Web sites: WebMD, MPC Library, Epocrates

22
Q

Pharmaceutical firms

A

produced by drug companies

3 indexes: therapeutic, generic, brand, pictures; no nursing care info

23
Q

Nurse Practice Act

A

RN may not prescribe or administer Rx without MD order; no OTC either!

24
Q

Drug standards (5)

A

Purity, bioavailability, potency, efficacy, safety and toxicity

25
Q

Purity

A

uncontaminated

26
Q

Bioavailability

A

absorbed and transported to target site

27
Q

Potency

A

strength, power, measurable effect

28
Q

efficacy

A

effectiveness, measurement is difficult

29
Q

safety and toxicity

A

adverse effects

30
Q

Pharmacokinetics (4)

A

Absorption; Distribution; Metabolism; Excretion

31
Q

Absorption

A

depends on route; GI: p.o., SL (sublingual), PR (per rectum);
Parenteral: ID (interdermal), SQ (subcutaneous), IM (intermuscular), IV (intervenous)- bypasses absorption.

32
Q

Oral Medications (p.o.)

A

Pills must dissolve/breakdown
Syrups/suspensions are more rapid onset
Most absorbed in small intestine (microvilli)
compressed table- must be ‘scored’ to divide

33
Q

Sustained Release p.o.

A

Do not break
Enteric coated
beads or granules inside
Matrix, repeat action, Osmotic Pump

34
Q

Sublingual/Buccal

A

Rapid absorption and response
Highly vascular areas
Avoids ‘first liver bypass’

35
Q

Rectal (advantages and disadvantages)

A

Advantages: nausea, NPO, difficulty swallowing; avoids first liver bypass
Disadvantages: maybe erratic absorption; may cause irritation

36
Q

enteric coating

A

protect stomach; protect from acid breaking down too small

37
Q

matrix

A

drugs attached to wax for slow dispense

38
Q

repeat action

A

multiple coatings

39
Q

osmotic pump

A

water pumps out some of the drug

Pharmacology 101 (15 decks)

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