Lecture 1 Nursing 100

Question 1

Pharmacognosy

Answer 1

Origin

Question 2

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 2

How drug moves through body

Question 3

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 3

Biological change/effect on body

Question 4

Pharmacotherapeutics

Answer 4

What drug is used for

Question 5

Toxicology

Answer 5

Side effects; balancing act b/t function of med and side effects

Question 6

Drug

Answer 6

medication; pharmacological agent; produces biological effect

Question 7

Prescription Drug

Answer 7

safe under supervision; prescribed by licensed practitioner

Question 8

Non-Prescription

Answer 8

OTC (over-the-counter); safe if instructions followed; no prescription necessary

Question 9

Recreational Drug

Answer 9

use for pleasant psychological/physical effects; no therapeutic intent

Question 10

Chemical Name

Answer 10

atomic/molecular structure

Question 11

Generic Name

Answer 11

OFFICIAL- so everyone knows what you’re talking about; derived from chem name; listed in US Pharmacopedia and formulary

Question 12

Trade Name

Answer 12

patent good for 7 years; selected by manufacturer; copyrighted

Question 13

Drug Classifications (2)

Answer 13

Pharmacologic and therapeutic classifications

Question 14

Pharmacologic Classification

Answer 14

similar characteristics; similar chem make up

ex: Penicillins, beta blockers

Question 15

Therapeutic

Answer 15

Used for similar effect; may not have similar chemical make up
ex: antihypertensives, antibiotics

Question 16

Drug Development

Answer 16

FDA monitors process; animal trials; human trials

Question 17

Human trials

Answer 17

1st- healthy clients
2nd- small # of clients w/ disease
3rd- large # of clients w/ disease
monitor for side-effects

Question 18

Orphan Drugs Act

Answer 18

Gov sponsored; rare and unusual diseases

Question 19

Schedule of Controlled Substances

Answer 19

1. Research only b/c severe dependence
   ex: heroin, LSD, marijuana
2. Severe psych & physical dependency; can’t be phoned in for refill; special prescription require
   ex: morphine, demerol, cocaine
3. moderate/low physical or high psych dependency; low on # of refills
   ex: Vicadin
4. Limited physical or psych dependency
   ex: anti anxiety, sleeping, depressant
5. Limited Physical or psych dependency
   ex: Tylenol #3

Question 20

Controlled Drug Regulations

Answer 20

2 licensed personnel count every shift

Question 21

Resources for drug info

Answer 21

Pharmacopedia, compendia (non-official), pharmaceutical firms ex: physician’s desk refrence
Journals
Nursing Reference books
Web sites: WebMD, MPC Library, Epocrates

Question 22

Pharmaceutical firms

Answer 22

produced by drug companies

3 indexes: therapeutic, generic, brand, pictures; no nursing care info

Question 23

Nurse Practice Act

Answer 23

RN may not prescribe or administer Rx without MD order; no OTC either!

Question 24

Drug standards (5)

Answer 24

Purity, bioavailability, potency, efficacy, safety and toxicity

Question 25

Purity

Answer 25

uncontaminated

Question 26

Bioavailability

Answer 26

absorbed and transported to target site

Question 27

Potency

Answer 27

strength, power, measurable effect

Question 28

efficacy

Answer 28

effectiveness, measurement is difficult

Question 29

safety and toxicity

Answer 29

adverse effects

Question 30

Pharmacokinetics (4)

Answer 30

Absorption; Distribution; Metabolism; Excretion

Question 31

Absorption

Answer 31

depends on route; GI: p.o., SL (sublingual), PR (per rectum); Parenteral: ID (interdermal), SQ (subcutaneous), IM (intermuscular), IV (intervenous)- bypasses absorption.

Question 32

Oral Medications (p.o.)

Answer 32

Pills must dissolve/breakdown Syrups/suspensions are more rapid onset Most absorbed in small intestine (microvilli) compressed table- must be 'scored' to divide

Question 33

Sustained Release p.o.

Answer 33

Do not break Enteric coated beads or granules inside Matrix, repeat action, Osmotic Pump

Question 34

Sublingual/Buccal

Answer 34

Rapid absorption and response Highly vascular areas Avoids 'first liver bypass'

Question 35

Rectal (advantages and disadvantages)

Answer 35

Advantages: nausea, NPO, difficulty swallowing; avoids first liver bypass Disadvantages: maybe erratic absorption; may cause irritation

Question 36

enteric coating

Answer 36

protect stomach; protect from acid breaking down too small

Question 37

matrix

Answer 37

drugs attached to wax for slow dispense

Question 38

repeat action

Answer 38

multiple coatings

Question 39

osmotic pump

Answer 39

water pumps out some of the drug