Lecture 4 Metabolic Pathways 2 Flashcards
What is metabolism?
Metabolism is the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats and proteins and convert them into Energy otherwise known as ATP.
Why are there so many different options to resynthesise ATP?
Dependant on how we are receiving the glucose into our system and how quickly we need to produce ATP.
What are the four types of resynthesise of ATP
Immediate systems
Anaerobic Glycolysis
Aerobic Glycolysis
Fatty Acid Oxidation
What is phosphocreatine
a phosphate ester of creatine found in vertebrate muscle, where it serves to store phosphates to provide energy for muscular contraction. This doesnt require Oxygen
What is myokinase?
ADP + ADP -> ATP + AMP
a crystallizable enzyme that promotes the reversible transfer of phosphate groups in ADP with the formation of ATP and adenylic acid and that occurs in muscle and other tissues. This doesnt require Oxygen and is super fast.
What is Creatine Kinase
PCr + ADP -> Creatine + ATP
This is a very rapid or super fast way to produce ATP
What does NADH stand for?
NADH stands for “nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H).”
How to you create lactate?
Pyruvate or otherwise know as C3 goes through an anerobic glycolysis system to create lactate.
What happens if NADH is removed from cytoplasm (mitochondria)?
Pyruvate enters the mitochondria for oxidation, if there is a lot of NADH and H+ in the cytoplasm then the Pyruvate that entered converts to lactate.
What are the 3 steps in energy investment
Phosphorylation of gluclose by ATP produces an active molecule.
Rearrangement followed by a second phosphorylation by ATP which gives fructose 1,6 - bisphosphate
What are the first three steps in energy harvesting
Oxidation
Removal of 2 energised phosphate groups by 2 ADP. Producing 2 ATP and 2 3PG
Oxidation by removal of water produces 2 high-energy PEP molecules
What are the last two steps in energy harvesting?
Removal of 2 energised phosphate groups by 2 ADP produces 2 ATP.
Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis. Pyruvate enters the mitochondria for further breakdown as Lactate.
