Lecture 2 Metabolic Pathways 1 Flashcards
Which molecule forms the other? FAD NADH NAD+ FADH2
FAD -> FADH2 (Requires 2 H) NAD+ -> NADH (Requires 2 H, binds to 1)
What is dehydrogenases
Remove hydrogen atoms
Recall the descriptions of reactions including oxidation-reduction reactions
Oxidation is the removal of an electron Reduction is the addition of an electron
What are the two types of reactions?
Endergonic or Exergonic
What are the four types of fatty acids?
.Saturated, Monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and trans fats
What is Kinases
Add a phosphate group
What is the equation for hydrolysis of ATP
ATP+H2O→ADP+Pi+ free energy
What is the main source of energy or fuel source used to keep us going
Carbohydrates
How many joules are in 1000 calories?
4180 J
Adenosine is made up of what two molecule compounds?
Adenine and Ribose. These along with 3 phosphates bind together to form ATP
Locate the mitochondria in the sarcomere
What is the term for breaking down Glycogen to make glucose?
Glycogenolysis (Meaning Lysis = Break down)
What is the term for creating glycogen from glucose?
Glycogenesis (Meaning Genesis = Making)
Why is it important to know about the different chemical reactions within the body?
Because thats how we transfer energy from fuel into movement
What is the method called for breaking down triglycerides to fatty acids?
Lipolysis
Explain the role and action of enzymes in reactions in regulating rate of reaction and how temperature and pH can effect this
.Enzyme activity increases when the body temperature increases. The optimal range for enzymes to be active is above the neutral zone at 7-8.
What is Oxidases
Catalyse oxidation-reduction reactions involving oxygen
What does fatty acids convert to when stored in the human body?
Triglycerides in adipose tissue
What are the two most important fats for metabolism?
Fatty acids and triglycerides
How many joules are in 1 calorie?
4.18 J
What is Isomerases
Rearrangement of the structure of molecules Just changes the shape
Where in the sarcomere are glycogen molecules stored?
.The two major sites of glycogen storage are the liver and skeletal muscle. The concentration of glycogen is higher in the liver than in muscle (10% versus 2% by weight), but more glycogen is stored in skeletal muscle overall because of its much greater mass.
What are the sub-classes of carbohydrates
Mono-saccharide (contains 1 saccharide molecule) Di-saccharide (contains two saccharide molecules) Poly-saccharide (contains many saccharide molecules)
What does Sucrose derive from?
Glucose and Fructose which is commonly found in lollies and soft drink
Does carbohydrates require oxygen to be used?
No, it can be used with or without oxygen.
What are the three types of carbohydrates?
Glucose Galactose Fructose
Outline the similarities and differences between a typical carbohydrate and triglyceride molecule
.Triglyercides have the exact same properties as carbohydrates except triglyercides have more carbon atoms than carbohydrates.
In terms of weight, how much ATP does one adult human store in their body at any one time?
80-100 grams
When ATP releases energy what else is the biproduct?
ADP + Pi
What is the difference between Anabolic and catabolic
Anabolic reactions construct molecules from smaller units which require energy. Whereas, Catabolic reactions break down molecules into smaller units which releases energy. Ana = Another-and-another Cata = Cut-a-cut-a
Where are the triglycerides located on the human body?
.The triglycerides are stored in your fat cells.
What is the difference between endergonic vs exergonic
.Exergonic starts with a regular amount of energy and then ends up with a lower amount of energy therefore releasing a positive amount of energy. Endergonic begins with low energy and requires energy to function. Ending with a higher amount of energy. taking energy from its surroundings. Exe = release (explode) End = Energy Resting place
What is Hydrolases
Catalyse bond cleavage by reaction with water. Uses water to bond with another molecule
In terms of duration, how much ATP does one human body store
2-10 seconds worth at any given time.
Where are proteins located in the human body
In muscle, bone, skin, hair, and virtually every other body part or tissue
What is metabolism?
The total of ALL cellular reactions.
What is the term for creating glucose from other lactates and amino acids?
Gluconeogenesis (Meaning Neo = New, Genesis = Making)
When does energy consuming reactions occur?
when coupled to energy releasing reactions. Energy in = Energy Out (work & heat) + Energy stored
What type of carbohydrate can be directly metabolised in order to obtain energy?
Glucose, other carbohydrates need to be converted to glucose first within the liver.
What is Isomerases
Rearrangement of the structure of molecules
How many carbon atoms are in all three types of carbohydrates
Six
Locate the fat globule within the Sarcomere
