Lecture 4: Heart anatomy

Question 1

Lymphatic (Vascular) System is a?

Answer 1

A open-entry drainage system.

Question 2

Name the three types of capillary:

Answer 2

• Continuous (controlled ~ tight)
• Fenestrated (leaky)
• Sinusoidal (very leaky)

Question 3

3 pathways for drainage:

Answer 3

• Deep veins
• Superficial veins
• Lymphatics

Question 4

Where is the opening of the coronary sinus located?

Answer 4

Right atrium

Question 5

Right atrium receives:

Answer 5

• superior vena cava
• inferior vena cava
• coronary sinus

Question 6

Left atrium receives:

Answer 6

Four pulmonary veins

Question 7

Name the four layers of the heart (in to out):

Answer 7

• Endocardium
• Myocardium
• Epicardium
• Pericardium

Question 8

Describe endocardium tissue:

Answer 8

• simple Squamous epithelium (endothelium)
• Loose irregular fibrous connective tissue (FCT)
• acts as non stick to blood to increase blood fluidity

Question 9

Describe the features of epicardium tissue:

Answer 9

(1) Visceral pericardium,
(2) Blood vessels (large)
(3) Loose irregular FCT, Adipose

Question 10

Describe myocardium tissue:

Answer 10

• Contractile muscle tissue of the heart
• Much thicker on left ventricle due to > contraction strength required
• Connected via intercalated discs which help myocardium contract acting all at once

Question 11

Describe Pericardium and its role:

Answer 11

• acts as a tough protective bag for the heart
• The parietal layer (inner) of the seruos pericardium produces Lube to keep the heart frictionless
• Cavity for seperation
• Outer layer is fibrous (tough)

Question 12

What tissue is specific to the atria?

Answer 12

Pectinate muscle found on the anterior surface of the atrial walls. Function is to improve contraction

Question 13

What tissue is specific to the ventricles?

Answer 13

Trabeculae Carneae which are irregular muscle columns found in the interior ventricular walls. Function is to improve contraction

Question 14

What is the function of auricles in the heart?

Answer 14

Left auricle collects oxygenated blood as it leaves the lungs and moves the blood into the left ventricle.

Right auricle collects deoxygenated blood from the bloodstream and moves it into the heart’s right ventricle.

They can also relieve high atrial pressure by increasing the atrial capacity at times of stress, acting as overflow vessels.