Lecture 34: Reproductive system 1 + male repro Flashcards
What bones make up the pelvis?
- Hip bones + sacrum + coccyx
Is the pelvic inlet/outlet open or or closed for each and which one is bigger?
- Pelvic inlet is open
- Pelvic outlet is closed by muscles
- Inlet is always bigger than outlet
What is the false/greater pelvis, where is it and what does it contain?
- Superior region
- Above pelvic inlet
- Contains parts of GI tract
What is the true/lesser pelvis, where is it and what does it contain?
- Inferior region
- Between inlet and outlet
- Contains internal reproductive organs
What are the anatomical differences between the male and the female pelvis and why might this be?
Female (for childbirth)
* Broader subpubic angle
* Oval inlet
* Straighter coccyx
Male
* Narrower subpubic angle
* Heart shaped inlet
* Curved coccyx
What is the role of the pelvic floor and what two muscles does it consist of?
- Closes over pelvic outlet
- Two muscles:
–Levator ani
–Coccygeus
What are the openings of the pelvic floor?
–urethra
–anal canal
–vagina (females)
Where is the male perineum and what does this contain?
- Region inferior to the pelvic floor and between upper region of the thighs
- Includes external genitalia and anus
What are the two triangular divisions of the male perineum?
Anterior: urogenital triangle
* Urethral opening; external genitalia
Posterior: anal triangle
* Anal canal and fat
Internal reproductive organs are found in the cavity
enclosed by the ___________ pelvis.
true/lesser pelvis
What is the main function of the male reproductive system?
- To produce spermatozoa (sperm / male gamete)
- Transport spermatozoa into the female reproductive tract
What is the male reproductive system made up of (3 things)?
- Testes (male gonad)
- Reproductive tract/duct
- Accessory structures and glands
What is included in the path sperm travel along from origin?
- Testes
- Epididymis
- Ductus (vas) deferens
- Ejaculatory duct
- Urethra
What does the scrotum contain?
- Two testes (singular: testis)
- Two epididymides (singular: epididymis)
- Two spermatic cords (with part of ductus deferens)
What is the role of testes and what are they surrounded by?
- Produce sperm, testosterone and inhibin
- Lie in scrotum – outside the body
- Surrounded by dense fibrous capsule: the tunica
albuginea
What do testes lobules contain? What do these join?
- seminiferous tubules
these join to form
- rete testis
These join to form
- efferent ductules leading to epididymis
What three cells are found in the seminiferous tubules?
- Interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells
- Nurse (Sertoli) cells
- Spermatogenic cells:
Where does spermatogenesis occur within the testes?
In the seminiferous tubules
What do interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells do in the seminiferous tubules?
produce testosterone
What do Nurse (Sertoli) cells do in the seminiferous tubules?
produce inhibin and support sperm
What are Spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules?
spermatogonia and spermatozoa at various stages of development
How does sperm enter and exit the Epididymis and what occurs here?
- Epididymis has a Head, body and tail
- Sperm enter from seminiferous tubules and exit via ductus deferens
- Site of sperm maturation (7m long and can take up to 2 weeks to move through)
Describe the ductus deferens: Does it involve muscle?
- Also known as ‘vas deferens’
- Continues from epididymis
- Starts in spermatic cord
- Covered by smooth muscle
- Runs posterior to the urinary bladder
- Dilates to form the ampulla
Describe ejaculatory ducts (how they are formed) and where they open into?
- Formed by the union of the duct from the seminal vesicle and the ampulla
- Opens in the prostatic urethra
