Lecture 34: Reproductive system 1 + male repro

Question 1

What bones make up the pelvis?

Answer 1

• Hip bones + sacrum + coccyx

Question 2

Is the pelvic inlet/outlet open or or closed for each and which one is bigger?

Answer 2

• Pelvic inlet is open
• Pelvic outlet is closed by muscles
• Inlet is always bigger than outlet

Question 3

What is the false/greater pelvis, where is it and what does it contain?

Answer 3

• Superior region
• Above pelvic inlet
• Contains parts of GI tract

Question 4

What is the true/lesser pelvis, where is it and what does it contain?

Answer 4

• Inferior region
• Between inlet and outlet
• Contains internal reproductive organs

Question 5

What are the anatomical differences between the male and the female pelvis and why might this be?

Answer 5

Female (for childbirth)
* Broader subpubic angle
* Oval inlet
* Straighter coccyx

Male
* Narrower subpubic angle
* Heart shaped inlet
* Curved coccyx

Question 6

What is the role of the pelvic floor and what two muscles does it consist of?

Answer 6

• Closes over pelvic outlet
• Two muscles:
  –Levator ani
  –Coccygeus

Question 7

What are the openings of the pelvic floor?

Answer 7

–urethra
–anal canal
–vagina (females)

Question 8

Where is the male perineum and what does this contain?

Answer 8

• Region inferior to the pelvic floor and between upper region of the thighs
• Includes external genitalia and anus

Question 9

What are the two triangular divisions of the male perineum?

Answer 9

Anterior: urogenital triangle
* Urethral opening; external genitalia

Posterior: anal triangle
* Anal canal and fat

Question 10

Internal reproductive organs are found in the cavity
enclosed by the ___________ pelvis.

Answer 10

true/lesser pelvis

Question 11

What is the main function of the male reproductive system?

Answer 11

• To produce spermatozoa (sperm / male gamete)
• Transport spermatozoa into the female reproductive tract

Question 12

What is the male reproductive system made up of (3 things)?

Answer 12

• Testes (male gonad)
• Reproductive tract/duct
• Accessory structures and glands

Question 13

What is included in the path sperm travel along from origin?

Answer 13

• Testes
• Epididymis
• Ductus (vas) deferens
• Ejaculatory duct
• Urethra

Question 14

What does the scrotum contain?

Answer 14

• Two testes (singular: testis)
• Two epididymides (singular: epididymis)
• Two spermatic cords (with part of ductus deferens)

Question 15

What is the role of testes and what are they surrounded by?

Answer 15

• Produce sperm, testosterone and inhibin
• Lie in scrotum – outside the body
• Surrounded by dense fibrous capsule: the tunica
  albuginea

Question 16

What do testes lobules contain? What do these join?

Answer 16

• seminiferous tubules

these join to form

• rete testis

These join to form

• efferent ductules leading to epididymis

Question 17

What three cells are found in the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 17

• Interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells
• Nurse (Sertoli) cells
• Spermatogenic cells:

Question 18

Where does spermatogenesis occur within the testes?

Answer 18

In the seminiferous tubules

Question 19

What do interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells do in the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 19

produce testosterone

Question 20

What do Nurse (Sertoli) cells do in the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 20

produce inhibin and support sperm

Question 21

What are Spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 21

spermatogonia and spermatozoa at various stages of development

Question 22

How does sperm enter and exit the Epididymis and what occurs here?

Answer 22

• Epididymis has a Head, body and tail
• Sperm enter from seminiferous tubules and exit via ductus deferens
• Site of sperm maturation (7m long and can take up to 2 weeks to move through)

Question 23

Describe the ductus deferens: Does it involve muscle?

Answer 23

• Also known as ‘vas deferens’
• Continues from epididymis
• Starts in spermatic cord
• Covered by smooth muscle
• Runs posterior to the urinary bladder
• Dilates to form the ampulla

Question 24

Describe ejaculatory ducts (how they are formed) and where they open into?

Answer 24

• Formed by the union of the duct from the seminal vesicle and the ampulla
• Opens in the prostatic urethra

Question 25

What are the two functions of the male urethra? Also what are the three sections that make this up?

Answer 25

• Two functions:
  urination and ejaculation

Three sections:
–Prostatic urethra
–Membranous urethra
–Penile/spongy urethra

Question 26

What is retrograde ejaculation?

Answer 26

Internal sphincter doesn’t close; therefore, sperm ends up in bladder

Question 27

What role can the internal sphincter play in ejaculation?

Answer 27

• Closes bladder ensuring sperm ejaculated through the urethra

Question 28

The path of sperm:
* From the seminiferous tubules, the spermatozoa travel into the ___________ , the ___________ , the ejaculatory ducts
and finally the ___________ .

Answer 28

Epididymis

the ductus deferens

Ejaculatory ducts

Urethra

Question 29

Which hormone do interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells produce?
1. Inhibin
2. Testosterone
3. Both inhibin and testosterone.
4. Interstitial endocrine cells do not produce hormones

Answer 29

2

Question 30

Where would you find a spermatogonia?

Answer 30

In the seminiferous tubules

Question 31

What is the name of the canal that the ductus deferens must past through around the lower abdominal muscle?

Answer 31

Inguinal canal