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(OMS1) GIGU Exam > Lecture 4: GI Organs > Flashcards

Lecture 4: GI Organs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major GI organs?

A 
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine 
Colon
Rectum
Anal Canal
Spleen
Pancreas
Liver 
Gall Bladder
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2
Q

What level is the transpyloric plane and what does it pass through?
Subcostal plane?
Transtubercular plane?
Interpsinous plane?

A
  • L1; pyloric sphincter
  • L2-3; inferior to costal margin
  • L5; iliac tubercles
  • S2; ASIS
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3
Q

Esophagus:
Course of organ
Significance of the cardiac notch?
Significance of the inferior esophageal sphincter?

A

T10: passes through esophageal hiatus
T11: enters stomach and cardiac orifice

  • separates esophagus from stomach fundus
  • physiologic part of the esophagus that prevents food backflow
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4
Q

Where are the esophageal constriction points?

A

Superior: cricoid cartilage
Middle: aorta and left main bronchi level
Inferior: diaphragmatic sphincter

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5
Q

Paraesophageal hiatal hernia vs. sliding hiatal hernia:

A

PHH: peritoneum and fundus of stomach anterior to esophagus; no gastric regurgigation
SHH: esophagus, cardia and fundus protrude through the esophageal hiatus; gastric regurgigation

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6
Q

Stomach:
Course of organ
Greater vs lesser curvature

A

bilateral upper quadrants
Left end at T10-T11
Right end at L1

-GC: inferior border attached to greater omentum
LC: superior border attached to lesser omentum

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7
Q

What are the parts of the stomach?

Be able to label the image

A

Fundus, body, pylorus

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8
Q

What organs are found anterior to the stomach?

A

Left costal margin
Diaphragm
Left lobe of liver

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9
Q

What organs are found superior to the stomach?

A

Left dome of diaphragm

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10
Q

What organs are found posterior to stomach?

A 
Lesser sac
Pancrease
Transverse mesocolon
Transverse colon
Left kidney and adrenal
spleen
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11
Q

What is a gastric vagotomy?

A

-surgically removing parts of the vagus n. to reduce its parietal cell secretion of acid

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12
Q

Truncal vs Proximal vs Selective vagotomy

A
  • remove all vagus n. branching in the stomach + additional GI parts)
  • remove all vagus n. branching in stomach only
  • remove vagus n. branching to an area of stomach where the parietal cells are (fundus and cardia)
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13
Q

Duodenum:

Course of organ

A

-Pylorus to duodenojejunal jxn

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14
Q

How would you describe the parts of the duodenum?

A

Part 1: intraperitoneal

Part 2-4: retroperitoneal

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15
Q

What is the significance of the ligament of treitz?

A

Continuous with the right crus of the diaphragm that leads to the duodenaljujenal jxn
-helps open the jxn to let food pass through the duodenum to jejunum

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16
Q

Jejunum
Location and level?
Features?
Blood supply?

A
  • left upper quadrant, proximal 2/5 of small intestine, intraperitoneal
  • plicae circulares (lots of folds for surface area)
  • arterial arcades with long vasa recta
17
Q

Ilium
Location and level?
Supplied by?

A
  • right lower quadrant,, distal 3/5 of small intestine intraperitoneal
  • arterial arcades with short vasa recta
18
Q

What is the mesentery?

A

2 layers of peritoneum that connect the intestines to the posterior body wall

19
Q

What are the parts of the colon?

A

cecum, appendix, ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon

20
Q

Appendix

A

Attached to the cecum at the ascending colon (RLQ)

-has lymphoid nodules (immune function)

21
Q

What is the classic presentation of acute appy?

A

-McBurney’s point tenderness and Rovsing’s
-involuntary guarding
Dunphy’s sign (pain when coughing)
-more severe if app. is perforated

22
Q

What is Ileal (Meckel’s) Diverticulum?

A

congenital, pouches on the ileum that can become inflamed and mimic appy sx.

23
Q

Cecum
Where?
Features?

A
  • “beginning” part of the colon

- has the ileocecal valve that regulates what passes into it

24
Q

What type of organ is the ascending colon?
Transverse colon?
Descending colon?

A
  • retroperitoneal
  • intraperitoneal
  • retroperitoneal
25
Q

Volvulus of sigmoid colon:

A

twisting of sigmoid colon and mesocolon causing obstruction of descending colon or parts proximal to twisted segment = can result in ischemia, so need emergency surgery

26
Q

Rectum
where?
Features?

A
  • retroperitoneal and subperiotneal in pelvic cavity

- 3 rectal folds (superior, middle and inferior)

27
Q

Anal canal

Internal vs External anal sphincters

A

Internal: smooth muscle
External: skeletal muscle

28
Q

Spleen
Where?
What ligaments are attached to the spleen?

A
  • Left upper quadrant parallel to left ribs 9-11 at mid-axillary line, intraperitoneal
  • gastrosplenic and splenorenal ligaments
29
Q

Pancreas:

Location

A

L1-L2 level

30
Q

What are the parts of the pancreas?

Be able to identify on image

A

Head, neck, body, tail, uncinate process

31
Q

What are the major ducts of the pancreas?

Identify these in the picture

A

Main pancreatic duct

Accessory pancreatic duct

32
Q

What is the hepatopancreatic ampulla?

A
  • merging of the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct

- associated with sphincter of Oddi and major duodenal papilla

33
Q

Liver:
Location?
surfaces of the liver

A

right lobe: RUQ, epigastric and RH
left lobe: LUQ

Diaphragmatic and visceral surface

34
Q

Porta hepatis
Left sagittal feature
Right sagittal feature

Be able to label liver anatomy images on slides

A
  • has hepatic portal a. and v., nerve plexus, hepatic bile duct and lymph
  • has ligamentum teres (umbilical v.)
  • has gall bladder and IVC
35
Q

Cirrhosis of the liver

A

-fatty changes and fibrosis of liver cells, most commonly due to alcohol

36
Q

Be able to label the biliary tree in the image

A

Ok

37
Q

Cholelithiasis

A
  • cholesterol crystals lodged in biliary tree structures

- if hepatopancreatic ampulla is blocked, bile backs up into pancreas and causes pancreatitis

38
Q

What causes obstructive jaundice?

A

stones form inside the common bile duct and biliary tree

(OMS1) GIGU Exam (40 decks)

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