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Oral Microbiology > Lecture 4 - Fluoride & Caries > Flashcards

Lecture 4 - Fluoride & Caries Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Enamel is laid down by…

A

ameloblasts

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2
Q

During the _________ stage, the ameloblasts lay down the protein matrix for the rod crystal structure and the rods begin to form.

A

secretory

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3
Q

During the __________ maturation stage, the ameloblasts fill in the crystal structure with mineral.

A

pre-eruptive

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4
Q

Very high physiologic levels of fluoride during the secretory stage can cause _______ and this condition is called _______.

A

pitting

fluorosis

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5
Q

Chronically, moderately high levels of fluoride during the _________ maturation stage causes disruptions in crystal formation (chalky whiteness and weakness of enamel). This is very common.

A

pre-eruptive

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6
Q

T/F

There is no benefit from fluoridated water before tooth eruption.

A

True

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7
Q

Fluoridation must continue _________ ____ in order to continue its benefits.

A

throughout life

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8
Q

The effects of water fluoridation are ________.

A

topical

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9
Q

Fluorosis risk is _________ by ingestion.

A

increased

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10
Q

________ supplementation still officially recommended for high risk children.

A

Systemic

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11
Q

Enamel composition is __% mineral (HA), __% water, and _% organic matrix.

A

87
11
2

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12
Q

Newly formed crystals in a young tooth usually contain what 3 impurities?

A

carbonate
sodium
other ions

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13
Q

In what process is the HA crystal perfected in a tooth when bathed in saliva (Ca++ and PO4) and exposed to fluoride?

A

post-eruptive enamel maturation

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14
Q

In post-eruptive enamel formation, phosphate replaces ________, calcium replaces ________, and fluoride replaces _________. These replacements make HA less soluble (stronger).

A

carbonate
sodium
hydroxyl

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15
Q

T/F

Young teeth are more susceptible to caries because post-eruptive maturation strengthens them over time.

A

True

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16
Q

HA dissolves if pH drops below ___.

A

5.5

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17
Q

What prevents the dissolving of calcium ions?

A

Fluoride ions

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18
Q

T/F

Fluorhydroyxapatite (FHA) is less soluble than HA making enamel stronger.

A

True

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19
Q

T/F
Lactic acid causes dissolution of enamel mineral that diffuses to the surface where reaction with fluoride causes formation of FHA.

A

True

20
Q

T/F

Fluoride diffuses well into the body of a lesion.

A

False
Fluoride does NOT diffuse well into the body of a lesion, because it reacts before it gets there with the outer layers to form FHA

21
Q

Subsurface HA is _______ while FHA is ______ in the surface layers.

A

dissolved

formed

22
Q

Whitespot lesions can have very high fluoride concentrations on their surface because of _____-_____ cycles.

A

demin-remin

23
Q

T/F

Areas covered by plaque have higher fluoride levels.

A

True

24
Q 
T/F
Worn areas (abrasion, erosion) contain low levels of fluoride.
A

True

25
Q

What 4 things increase CaF2 deposition?

A
  • increasing concentration of fluoride
  • increasing exposure time
  • lowering pH
  • protecting- limit rinsing or cover with varnish
26
Q

Saliva is supersaturated with what two molecules which prevent teeth from dissolving?

A

calcium

phosphate

27
Q

T/F

Fluorosis can occur during any stage of life.

A

False

Fluorosis can only occur when teeth are developing

28
Q

T/F

Fluoride levels are dependent on daily intake and bone stores.

A

True

There are no homeostatic mechanisms to control F concentration anywhere in the body

29
Q

T/F

Mild fluorosis is perceived as attractive by most people because the increase in enamel porosity appears chalky white.

A

True

30
Q

Which teeth are at the greatest risk of fluorosis and during what age range?

A

Upper central incisors

15-30 months old

31
Q

T/F

Bacteria do NOT develop resistance to fluoride.

A

True

32
Q

What are the different methods of fluoride delivery?

A
  • community-based water fluoridation
  • self-applied
  • professionally applied
33
Q

What are the three things on which the surface concentration of fluoride depends?

A
  • topical exposure to F
  • acid exposure
  • wear
34
Q

If fluorosis is severe, enamel may be _______.

A

fragile

35
Q

Self-applied method of fluoride delivery has ____ frequency and ___ concentration.

A

high

low

36
Q

Professionally applied methods of fluoride delivery has ___ frequency and ____ concentration.

A

low

high

37
Q

When fluoride concentration is >100 ppm, what is deposited on tooth surface?

A

CaF2

38
Q

What amount of ppm of fluoride is safe and typically the amount found in OTC toothpaste?

A

1000 ppm

39
Q

Prescription toothpaste is available at what ppm?

A

5000 ppm

40
Q

T/F

There is no relationship between the fluoride concentration and caries benefit.

A

False

The higher the fluoride concentration, the better the toothpaste, but too much can lead to fluorosis

41
Q

T/F

There is no relationship between the amount of toothpaste and caries benefit.

A

True

It’s not how much you use, but how much fluoride is present

42
Q

Fluoride supplements (ingesting fluoride) are really only recommended for ____ _____ patients.

A

high risk

not supported by evidence

43
Q

What is the typical concentration of fluoride in an OTC fluoride rinse?

A

0.02% (200 ppm)

44
Q

T/F

OTC rinses have shown to be as effective as toothpaste because you don’t rinse.

A

True

45
Q

What two types of professional products are most often used due to comfort to the patient?

A

Foams and varnishes

Oral Microbiology (10 decks)

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