Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology: Exam 3 > Lecture 4: Endocrine > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

A system of hormone-secreting glands that regulate and coordinate many body functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List the endocrine organs (7)

A
  • Hypothalamus (brain)
  • Pituitary gland (brain)
  • Pineal gland (brain)
  • Thymus → Thyroid + Parathyroid glands (larynx)
  • Adrenal gland (kidneys)
  • Pancreas (abdomen)
  • Gonads (ovaries + testes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is the binding site for steroid hormones?

A

Nucleus

Alters mRNA after binding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is the binding site for peptide hormones?

A

cell surface

GPCR → activates 2nd messengers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the functions of the hypothalamus (3)?

A
  • Regulation of the pituitary gland:
  • Axons travel down the pituitary stalk and synapse in the posterior pituitary
  • Connections to the portal system (network of capillaries) allow the hypothalamus to stimulate the anterior pituitary to release hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Does the posterior pituitary gland produce its own hormones?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pars Nervosa is the same as the ______ pituitary

A

posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of Herring bodies? Where are they located?

A
  • store hormones from the hypothalamus
  • located in the posterior pituitary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Does the anterior pituitary gland produce its own hormones?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What two hormones does the posterior pituitary secrete?

A
  • Vassopressin (ADH)
  • Oxytocin

Hypothalamus makes vassopressin + oxytocin → secreted by posterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pars Anterior is the same as the ______ pituitary

A

anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What two cells secrete hormones in the anterior pituitary?

A
  • Acidophils
  • Basophils

Only have acidophils in anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What two hormones do acidophils secrete?

A
  • Growth Hormone (GH)
  • Prolactin (PRL)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What hormones do basophils secrete (4)?

A
  • Thyrotropin (TSH)
  • Follitropin (FSH) or Leuteotropin (LH)
  • Corticotropin (ACTH)
  • Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are 1, 2, 3, and 4?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The cells circled in red secrete GH + PRL. What are these cells called?

A

Acidophils (pink stain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The cells circled in dark blue secrete TSH, FSH, LH, ACTH, and MSH. What are these cells called?

A

Basophils (dark stain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of cells are A, B, and C?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What two cells are shown in this image?

A

Axons and pituicytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Identify C (red) and D (dark blue)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Identify A and B

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of the pineal gland (pineal body)?

A

secretes melatonin = role in sleep

released by pinealocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How does daytime affect the pineal gland?

A

Daytime inhibits the pineal gland → no melatonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How does nighttime affect the pineal gland?

A

Nighttime activates the pineal gland → secretes melatonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where is brain sand located?

A

Pineal gland

25
Q

Identify the structures circled in red

A
26
Q

What type of cells (2) do the follicles in the thyroid contain?

A
  • Follicular cells
  • Parafollicular cells
27
Q

What do the follicular cells secrete?

A

Follicular cells = principal cells → secrete thyroid hormones (T3 + T4)

28
Q

What do the parafollicular cells secrete?

A

Parafollicular cells = C cells → secrete calcitonin

  • Anatagonist towards parathyroid (PTH)
  • Role in regulating Ca2+ secretion
29
Q

Where are thyroid hormones precursors made?

A

Colloid = inner lumen

Only makes precursors

30
Q

How is hormone secretion regulated by iodide in the thyroid (4)?

A
  1. Iodide gets transported into the colloid (inner lumen) of the follicle
  2. In the colloid, iodide generates thyroid hormone precursors
  3. Precursors get transported out of the colloid and into the follicular cells
  4. In the follicular cells, thyroid hormone (T3/T4) is produced and secreted
31
Q

What causes a goiter? What is the result?

A
  • Lack of iodide → decreased thyroid hormone (T3/T4)
  • Result = enlarged thyroid gland
32
Q

Identify A, B, C and D

A
33
Q

What zone is A? What zone is the black arrow pointing to?

A
34
Q

Identify A and B

A
35
Q

What structures are the yellow arrows pointing to? What structures are the black arrows pointing to?

A
36
Q

Identify A, B, and C

A
37
Q

Identify A, B, C, D, and E

A
38
Q

Identify A, B, and C

A
39
Q

Identify C, D, and E

A
40
Q

Identify A, B, C, D

A
41
Q

Identify C and D

A
42
Q

Identify A, B, and C

A
43
Q

Identify A and B

A
44
Q

What does calcitonin stimulate in the bone?

A

calcium salt deposit

Calcitonin = ↑ bone Ca2+ ↓blood Ca2+

45
Q

Osteoclasts degrade _____ matrix and release _____ into the blood

A
  • bone
  • Ca2+
46
Q

What does the parathyroid gland release?

A

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

  • Takes Ca2+ out of the bone to release into the blood
  • PTH = ↑ blood Ca2+ ↓ bone Ca2+
47
Q

Where is the parathyroid gland located?

A

Behind the thyroid gland

The thyroid acts as an antagonist by secreting calcitonin from C cells to work against PTH

48
Q

What are the two types of parathyroid cells?

A
  • Chief cells
  • Oxyphil cells
49
Q

What is the function of chief cells?

A

secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Not the same as chief cells in the stomach

50
Q

What are oxyphil cells?

A

inactive chief cells

51
Q

What is the function of the parathyroid gland? How does it do this (2)?

A
  • Regulates blood Ca2+ levels:
    1. A decrease in blood Ca2+ stimulates the release of PTH from chief cells
    2. PTH causes an increase in blood Ca2+ by breaking down bone
52
Q

What are the 3 zones of the adrenal gland from outermost to innermost? What does each zone secrete?

A
  1. Zona Glomerulosa = secretes aldosterone (salt)
  2. Zona Fasciculata = secretes cortisol (sugar = sweet)
  3. Zona Reticularis = secretes androgens (sex)
53
Q

What does the medulla secrete?

A

secretes epinephrine + noepinephrine

“MEN”

54
Q

The adrenal gland divides into the _____ and _____.

A
  • cortex
  • medulla
55
Q

Identify the cell type:
a. Acidophils
b. Chief cells
c. Oxyphil cells
d. Parafollicular cells

A

c. Oxyphil cells

56
Q

Which region of the adrenal gland is responsible for producing norepinephrine?
a. Zona reticularis
b. Zona glomerulus
c. Zona fasciculata
d. Medulla

A

d. Medulla

57
Q

Identify this region:
a. Reticularis
b. Fasciculata
c. Glomerulosa
d. Medulla

A

b. Fasciculata

58
Q

Calcitonin is important in the regulation of blood calcium levels. Which endocrine organ and cell type are responsible for the secretion of calcitonin?
a. Parathyroid gland; oxyphil cells
b. Thyroid gland; parafollicular cells
c. Pancreas; islet of Langerhans
d. Posterior pituitary gland; herring bodies

A

b. Thyroid gland; parafollicular cells

59
Q
  1. Vasopressin (ADH) and oxytocin are hormones produced by which organ?
    a. Hypothalamus
    b. Pineal gland
    c. Anterior pituitary gland
    d. Adrenal gland
A

a. Hypothalamus

Histology: Exam 3 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions