Lecture 4: Development of the Periphery (unfinished) Flashcards

1
Q

After the fusion fo the neural folds, what happens to neural crest cells?

A

They leave the dorsal aspect of the developing neural tube.

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2
Q

Neural cells migrate away from..?

A

the neural tube

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3
Q

cells form the nerual crest differentiate into what?

A

into a variety of neural and non-neural cell types.

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4
Q

neural crest stem cells can become?

A
BDNF - sensory neurones
BMP - autonomic neurone 
Endothelin 3 - pigment cell
neurkgulin - Schwann cells
TGFB - smooth muscle
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5
Q

Presumptive sympathetic ganglion neurons migrate from ?

A

the developing neural crest and neural tube.

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6
Q

Presumptive sympathetic ganglion neurons form what and when?

A

They form 2 chains of sympathetic ganglia at 5 weeks.

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7
Q

where do neuroblasts migrate from?

A

migrate from the thoracic portion

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8
Q

what do neuroblasts supply?

A

supply structures in the head and neck and caudally to innervate structures in the lower body.

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9
Q

what do some neuroblasts form?

A

prevertabral ganglions or organ plexuses.

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10
Q

Spinal nerve fibers grow to innervate the ?

A

sympathetic ganglia

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11
Q

sympathetic ganglionic neuroblasts extend what to what/

A

extend fibres to their target organs.

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12
Q

Sympathetic plexuses are found where?

A

heart and lungs

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13
Q

where do Pre-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons project from ?

A

they project from the mesencephalon, rhombencephalon and sacral region of the spinal cord.

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14
Q

Pre-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons send axons along what?

A

They send axons along the paths of the cranial and somatic nerves.

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15
Q

what does the parasympathetic NS not contain?

A

chains of ganglia

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16
Q

ganglia arising from the PNS are generally ?

A

terminal or intramural.

17
Q

The ENS forms from neural crest arising from ?

A

the rhomencephalon (vagal) and sacral regions of the spinal cord.

18
Q

Ablation of the vagal section of the neural crest prevents formation of what?

A

enteric ganglia in the oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestine.

19
Q

Ablation of the sacral section of the neural crest prevents formation of ?

A

enteric ganglia in the large intestine.

20
Q

what’s a placode?

A

thickened patches of ectoderm that develop primarily into special sensory structures.

21
Q

where do places derive from?

A

They are derived from a ectoderm around the neural plate

22
Q

what are the 5 main placodes?

A
olfactory placode
optic placode
Adenohypophyseal placode 
otic placode
Profundal/trigeminal placodes
23
Q

what does the olfactory placode form?

A

the nasal olfactory epithelium

24
Q

where does the optic placode lie?

A

lies on the surface, adjacent to the optic vesicle (which forms the retina) and form the lens.

25
Q

what does the Adenohypophyseal placode give rise too?

A

– gives rise to cells of the pituitary (non neuronal).

26
Q

what placode forms the inner ears?

A

Otic placodes

27
Q

what is the first placode visible on the surface of the embryo?

A

Otic placodes

28
Q

Profundal/trigeminal placodes contribute to what?

A

contribute cutaneous sensory neurons in mammals.

29
Q

what does Epibrachail give rise too?

A

distal portion of facial ganglia.