Lecture 4 - CBM Flashcards
To what symptom in addiction is attentional biases related?
Subjective craving
What are problems with attentional/approach bias (methodologically)? (3)
- “Irrelevant feature methods” (e.g., the format of the picture)
- Indirect (lowkey unreliable- dual probe does have good reliability)
- Not good for individual diagnosis
What is a problem with the IAT for memory bias?
It’s not a pure measurement of associations
- Example used is “Evaluative conditioning artefact (switching)”
- This basically means that the effects are not one’s deep-seated bias, but instead is caused by how they’ve been conditioned to associate certain stimuli or the cognitive demands of having to switch between categories
What is an example of Evaluative Conditioning (EC) artefact (switching)? What does this critique indicate?
context of IAT
Consider a normal IAT set-up:
- Round 1 = left key, alcohol-bad & right key, water-good
- Most people will find this pairing easy (even addicts), because of general societal conditioning (= EC)
Switch it up:
- Round two is alcohol-good and water-bad pairing
- Slower reaction times are measured not necessarily because there is no possitive association with alcohol, but because of the conflict with EC &/or switching adds a cogntive load
Conclusion:
- Unclear whether IAT measures a true internal aversion to alcohol or just a reaction to switching conditioned pairings
Keep in mind that usually the actual bias is positive-alcohol
What is the irrelevant feature paradigm?
Measure for approach/avoidance > however, the differentiation is between some irrelevant feature (e.g., landscape vs. upright picture, both of alcohol)
poor reliability
How may working memory relate to addiction?
SOPT (Self-ordered pointing task):
- Low WM: Implicit positive-arousal cognitive associations predict alcohol use/problems (thus a stronger influence of automatically activated cognitions in individuals with relatively weak control capacity)
- High WM: Explicit expectancies predict alcohol use/problems
I think high WM is like beliefs or smth, I couldn’t fully catch it
How effective is CBM and what increases CBM effectiveness?
- Not particularly reliable on it’s own, especially in unmotivated populations (e.g., students)
- More effective as an add-on to clinical treatment (in motivated, treatment-seeking people)
- When added to clinical treatments, small but reliable reductions in relapse rates
What are the phases in ABC-training? + expl.
- Forced choice with consequences: Presented with chosen antecedent and must select between different behaviours (but are forced to choose healthier alternative, followed by a positive consequence)
- Open choice with consequences: Choose freely, get appropriate consequence
- Speeded open choice with consequences: phase 2, but speedy
